Transcript Nonvascular Plants

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SIMPLE VASCULAR PLANTS
Pteridophytes (Ferns)
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Seedless
Vascular
Plants
Divisions
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Psilophyta – Whisk ferns
Lycophyta – Club mosses
Sphenophyta – horsetails
Pteridophyta - ferns
Not for examinations
Ferns
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Largest group of extant
(living) vascular plants
Wide range of habitats
(terrestrial, aquatic,
arboreal tree ferns,
epiphytic)
Can asexually reproduce
by Rhizomes
(underground stems)
Rhizome
Ferns
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Dominant Sporophyte
stage has true roots,
stems, and leaves
Roots and stems
underground
Leaves called fronds
found above ground and
attached to a stem like
petiole
Fronds
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the fiddle head coming off the
rhizomes.
Parts of the Fern Sporophyte
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Characteristics of
Pteridophytes
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Have true leaves and roots
Leaves are called fronds
New leaves are coiled in a bud
Characteristics of
Pteridophytes
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Roots are fibrous
Anchor the plant
And absorb water and minerals
Grow out of the rhizome
(horizontal stem) that grows
partially underground
Characteristics of
Pteridophytes
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Have vascular tissue
 Xylem,
tracheids and phloem
Characteristics of
Pteridophytes
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Reproduce by
means of spores
Spore cases
called sporangia
are found on the
underside of
sporophylls
Sporangia often
occur in clusters
called sori
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Characteristics of
Pteridophytes
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Wind spreads spores that
land on moist soil &
germinate into a prothallus
(tiny independent
gametophyte) that
produces gametes
Prothallus
Ferns
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The prothallus starts the
Gametophyte stage
Gametophyte is heart
shaped and short lived
Male antheridia &
female archegonia grow
on gametophyte
Sperm swims to egg to
fertilize
Archegonia
(eggs)
Prothallus
Antheridia
Sperm
Characteristics of
pteridophytes
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Produce motile male gametes
Rely on water for fertilisatiom
Fern Prothallus with
archegonia Fern sperm cell
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Egg cells are
produced in
archegonia
Fern
Archegonia.
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Uses for Ferns
EXTRA
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Help prevent erosion
Fiddleheads are eaten as food
Ornamental plants for yards and homes
Helped form coal deposits millions of
years ago
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THE END