Transcript Populations & Ecosystems

Populations &
Ecosystems
Section D in our Textbook
Ecosystems D10
• Organisms interacting with one another
and their physical environment
• Includes both BIOTIC and ABIOTIC factors
2:48
Biotic Factors
D10
• All of the LIVING and ONCE LIVING
things in an ecosystem
Abiotic Factors D10
• All of the NON-LIVING things in an
ecosystem
The Relationships D10-11
Ecosystem
Community
Populations
A Population is all of the
same species living in a
certain area (ex. a
population of rabbits).
A Community is all of the
groups of populations in
an area.
An Ecosystem is the entire
community plus the
abiotic factors (non-living
items).
Explanation of Relationships D10-11
• Ecosystem -Everything in the area (living
and non-living)
• Community All of the LIVING things in
the area (biotic factors)
• Population Groups of the same species
living in an area
• Individual – single living thing
Another representation
Ecosystem
1:13
Community
Population
Individual
2:19
Ecosystems D11-13
• Size: Can be as large as a desert or as small as
a puddle!
• Changes:
• Caused by NATURE (lightning/fire,
earthquakes, storms, etc.) It can come back
and start to grow again on its own after time.
• Caused by HUMANS (logging, farming,
construction)
The Sun: Life’s Energy Supply D16-17
• SUN (light, infrared rays, etc.) = ENERGY
• Almost all life depends on the SUN to
survive.
• All plants need the sun for photosynthesis.
1:42
Photosynthesis D16-17
With sun’s energy:
carbon dioxide
oxygen
+
+
water
glucose (food)
Plants’ food stores the energy
Producers/Consumers D18-19
PRODUCER - Anything that makes its
1:04
own food through photosynthesis
CONSUMER – Anything that gets its
1:18
energy by eating other organisms
Types of Consumers D18-19
1. HERBIVORES – eat only PLANTS
Ex. Cow, deer, rabbits
2. CARNIVORES – eat only MEAT
Ex. Wolves, owls
3. OMNIVORES – eat BOTH plants and meat 0:59
Ex. Woodpeckers, most humans
4. DECOMPOSER – feeds on the wastes and dead,
0:56 decaying things (rotting plants, dead animals,
etc.) Ex. worms, mushrooms
Food ChainsD29-31
• Food Chain
1:53
• Flow of energy from one organism directly to
the next
• Must start with a producer
• Arrows move from producer UP the chain
(Think from here into the mouth of here…)
Food Chains D29-31
• As you go up a
food chain,
energy is lost.
1:05
Food Webs D29-31
• Food Webs – overlapping food chains
Predator/Prey
D20-22
Predator – organism that hunts and eats
other organisms
Prey – organism that is hunted and eaten
Ex. Owl (predator) and mouse (prey)
Symbiosis
D20-22
1. Parasitism
Parasite – organism that lives off of or
feeds upon (and usually harms) another
organism
Host – organism that is fed upon and
harmed (usually doesn’t die though)
Ex. Flea (parasite) and dog (host)
Symbiosis
D20-22
2. Commensalism
One benefits but other is unharmed
Ex. Camouflage (spider on a flower)
Ex. Egrets eat insects wildebeests
have stirred up in the soil
egret
Symbiosis
D20-22
3. Mutualism
Both sides benefit
Ex. Pollination – bees/birds and flowers
symbiosis
2:37
Carbon Dioxide/Oxygen Cycle D34-35
• Plants use Carbon Dioxide and give off Oxygen
• Humans use Oxygen and give off Carbon Dioxide
The Water Cycle D36-37
• Evaporation – heated liquid changing to
water vapor
• Condensation – water vapor changing to
a liquid
• Precipitation – rain, snow, sleet, hail, etc.
• Transpiration – water released through
leaves
water cycle
2:39
Earth’s Land Biomes D48-51
• Tundra
2:07
• Arctic grassland with frozen soil all year
• Polar bears, foxes, lichens
• Taiga
1:57
• Coniferous forests
• Bears, moose, evergreen trees
• Deciduous Forest
1:40
• Large leafed trees that lose leaves in winter
• Deer, squirrels, maple trees
Earth’s Land Biomes D48-51
• Tropical Rain Forest
1:52
• Lush, green forests with heavy rainfall warm
climate
• Toucans, vines, monkeys
• Grassland
2:17
• wide open fields of grass
• Rabbits, prairie dogs, zebras
• Desert
2:07
• Very DRY (can be hot or cold)
• Cactus, horned lizards
Biodiversity D58-60
Biodiversity – variety of species in an
ecosystem (Part 2, 3, 4) Total ~ 14 min
Biodiversity depends on:
1. Size (how large of an area it is)
2. Terrain (type of land and landforms)
3. Latitude (distance from the equator)
Biodiversity Challenges D61-62
Extinct – No longer living
1:15
Ex. Dodo birds, Dinosaurs
Endangered – in danger of becoming extinct
Ex. manatee, rhinos, spider monkeys
Threatened – in danger of becoming endangered
Ex. baboon, leopard, grizzly bears
Current List
Citations
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Biomes: Our Earth's Major Life Zones. United Learning (1998).
Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming:
http://www.unitedstreaming.com/
Biologically Speaking: Ecosystems and the Cycles of Nature. AIMS
Multimedia (2002). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from
unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/
More is Better: The Biodiversity Story. United Learning (1995).
Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming:
http://www.unitedstreaming.com/
Food Chains and Webs. United Learning (1998). Retrieved February
28, 2006, from unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/
Mammals of North America: Predators and Prey. AIMS Multimedia
(2004). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming:
http://www.unitedstreaming.com/
Vulnerable, Threatened, Endangered, Extinct. AIMS Multimedia (1992).
Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming:
http://www.unitedstreaming.com/
Learning About Water (Second Edition). AIMS Multimedia (2004).
Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming:
http://www.unitedstreaming.com/
Biodiversity Pie Graph. (2007). Retrieved August 1, 2007 from
http://ology.amnh.org/biodiversity/treeoflife/images/sol_graph.gif