Transcript GRAZING DAYS Pasture Management Part II September 22, 2009

GRAZING DAYS
Pasture Management Part II
September 22, 2009
Cyanogenic
glycosides
 All parts toxic
 Most common –
wilted leaves
 Within one hour
lethal ingested
amount can cause
spasma and death
from respiratory
failure
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BLACKCHERRY
Toxicity – thiaminase
 All parts toxic
 Collapse convulsion
 Death within a few
days
 Calves
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BRACKEN FERN
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Roots, plant sap from
all parts.
Vomiting, stupor,
weakness, spasms
Resinoid, cardiac
glycoside
Large quantities
eaten
BUTTERFLY WEED
Toxicity – Ricin
 All parts toxic *seeds
 Symptoms may show
immediately or delay
for up to 2 days after
ingesting.
 Weakness, Bloody
vomiting/diarrhea
 Convulsion, death
 Few cracked seeds
have cause death
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CASTOR BEAN
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Same as Black
Cherry, Choke Cherry
Within one hour
lethal amount can
cause spasma and
death from
respiratory failure
CHERRY LAUREL TREE
All parts
 Leaves have paraisine
 Fruit has azaridine
 Ripe fruit more toxic
than green, deaths in
livestock (sheep/pigs)
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CHINA BERRY TREE
Toxic agent unknown
 Terminal leaves and
green fruit –
gastrointestinal
disorder
 Consume 1% of BW
will produce signs in
12-14 hrs
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CHINESE TALLOWTREE
Vomiting in pigs
 Sheep/Cattle show
weakness, inability to
stand, confusion,
rapid and weak pulse,
low temp and
muscular spasm
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COCKELBUR
Seeds toxicity upon the
skeletal muscles, kidney, and
liver
 The leaves and stem also
contain toxin, whether green
or dry
 Diarrhea, go off feed,
lethargic, and tremors
appear in the hind legs
 Urine becomes dark and
coffee-colored and the
animal becomes recumbent
and is unable to rise. Death
often occurs within 12 hours
after the animal goes down

COFFEE WEED - SICKLEPOD
Seeds toxicity upon the
skeletal muscles, kidney, and
liver
 The leaves and stem also
contain toxin, whether green
or dry
 Diarrhea, go off feed,
lethargic, and tremors
appear in the hind legs
 Urine becomes dark and
coffee-colored and the
animal becomes recumbent
and is unable to rise. Death
often occurs within 12 hours
after the animal goes down
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COFFEE SENNA
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CROTALARIA
Alkaloid
monocrotaline
All parts are toxic,
green or dry
Horses develop
unthriftiness
Liver damage
No treatment
All parts toxic
 Watering of mouth,
eyes, nose
 2-6 hrs later vomiting
 Death from
Respiratory failure
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FETTERBUSH
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HORSENETTLE
Toxic - Solanine
alkaloid
Nausea, vomiting,
salivation,
drowsiness,
abdominal pain,
diarrhea, weakness,
respiratory
depression; may be
fatal
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JIMSONWEED
Toxic - Tropane
alkaloids
All parts, mainly
seeds and leaves
rapid and weak pulse,
convulsions
Large quantities
eaten
Cyanide poisoning of
cattle/livestock when
grown under adverse
conditions (drought,
frost, etc.)
 Death from
respiratory failure
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JOHNSONGRASS
Toxicity- lantanin
 All parts are toxic
 Severe weakness
 Paralysis
 Death 3-4 days
 Treatment sodium
thiosulfate
 Goats not affected
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LANTANA
Alkaloid Solanine
 Berries most toxic
when green
 Highly toxic
 Poisoning common in
calves during spring
when forage is in
short supply
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NIGHTSHADE
All parts toxic
 Neroside, oleandroside,
cardiac glycosides
 15-20 grams of leaf
can kill a mature cow
 Green or dry leaves
equally toxic
 Respiratory paralysis,
death
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OLEANDER
All parts toxic
 Ketones – respiratory
distress
 Minty odor when
crushed
 Consumed when
Forage in short
supply
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PERILLA MINT
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PIGWEED
All parts toxic
Concentrate nitrates
in leaves
Vitamin deficiency,
bloat
Rarely death
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POKEBERRY
Root is most toxic but
all parts
Cramping, diarrhea
Most cases recovering
in 24-48 hrs
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RAIN LILY
All parts, especially
the bulb
Alkaloids lycorine
Large amounts
causes staggers in
horses, cattle
Collapse and death
48 hrs
Saponin that is toxic
to livestock
 Seeds most toxic
 Consumed when
forage is scarce
 1-2 oz. of seeds can
be fatal
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SESBANIA
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All parts toxic,
green or dried in
hay
Listlessness, loss of
appetite, diarrhea,
bloody feces,
stumbling and
death
SHOWY CROTALARIA
Leaves, flowers,
seeds
 Glucoside and a
phenol
 Sheep
 Vomiting
 Large quantities
needed
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SNEEZEWEED
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SWEET SHRUB
Alkaloid is contained
in the seed
Strychnine like
symptoms
Large quantities
needed
Cicutoxin
 Seeds and flowers
produce mild
gastroenteric
irritation
 Large mouthful can
be fatal
 Respiratory or cardiac
failure
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WATER HEMLOCK
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All parts including
nectar are toxic
Muscular weakness
and respiratory
failure
YELLOW JESSAMINE
Derek Barber
Livestock & Natural Resources
[email protected]