Transcript THE BIOSPHERE - Bishop Amat Memorial High School

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Hw
How does the greenhouse effect maintain the biosphere’s
temperature range? And, how has it effected Earth’s 3 main
climate zones?
Describe ecological succession and how biotic and abiotic
factors influence an ecosystem.
What interactions occur within communities?
Period 1:
Lab – Thurs. Oct 16th
Quiz – Mon. Oct. 20th
Test – Wed. Oct. 22nd
Period 4:
Lab – Thurs. Oct 16th
Quiz – Mon. Oct. 20th
Test – Wed. Oct. 22nd
Period 7:
Lab – Fri. Oct. 17th
Quiz – Tues. Oct. 21st
Test – Thurs. Oct. 23rd
 Climate?
 Greenhouse
Effect?
 Three
Main Climate Zones
 Biosphere
• Part of the Earth in which life exists
 Ecology
is the study of….
• Interactions of organisms with one another
• And with their physical environment
 Ecosystem
consist…
• Physical features (abiotic factors)
• Living Organisms (biotic factors)
 Community
• Organisms living together in an ecosystem
 process
through which
an existing community is
gradually replaced by
another community
 relatively stable
collection of plants and
animals that results from
ecological succession
A
Biome ….
• is an environment that has a characteristic
climax community.
 Most
land biomes
• are named for their climax community,
• or the dominant type of plant life
 Major
land biomes …
• tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, grassland,
tropical rain forest, and desert.
 Sahara
desert
in Africa - the world's largest
• rain almost never falls
• and the wind is hot and dry.
• almost nothing grows
• the landscape looks as barren as the
surface of the moon.
 some
rainfall
 Rapidly growing plants
 grow, flower, fruit, and become
dormant until the next rainfall
 rainfall
is more even
 sagebrush, cacti, and only a few
types of trees survive
• home to many species of lizards, insects,
scorpions, snakes, and birds.
 mountains
and plateaus
 high altitudes cause a decrease in
temperature
 brief rainy season that permits the
growth of grasses and shrubs
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Northern North America, Asia, and Europe
northernmost land biome.
nearly treeless
covered by mosses, lichens, and grasses.
Many animals migrate during the summer to feed
on the plants that grow there.
Caribou and reindeer are two examples. In turn,
wolves, foxes, and hordes of mosquitoes feed on
these animals.
many birds spend summer here, then fly south in
early autumn.
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most characteristic feature is
permafrost,
 layer of permanently frozen subsoil.
• summer -the ground thaws to a depth of a few
centimeters
 becomes soggy and wet;
• winter it freezes again.
• This cycle rips and crushes plant roots,
• keeping the plants small and stunted.
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South of the tundra
great coniferous, or cone-bearing, forests of fir, pine,
and spruce.
North America and Asia, with a narrow band reaching
into Norway and Sweden (in Europe).
rises to the higher elevations of many mountain
ranges in the United States, including the Rocky and
Appalachian mountains. The taiga also extends along
the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and northern
California, where it is home to the giant redwoods some of the tallest trees in the world. Redwoods can
reach heights of more than 60 meters.
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winters are cold, summers are mild
allow many animals and plants to reproduce.
Many rivers, ponds, lakes, and bogs provide
homes for small birds and mammals
either hibernate or move to warmer regions
during the long, cold winters.
Typical inhabitants
• black bears, grizzlies, wolves, moose, elk, and dozens of
smaller animals such as voles, wolverines, and grouse.
 eastern
coast of the United States, the
southern coast of Canada, most of Europe,
and parts of Japan, China, and Australia
 forests of oak, maple, beech, and birch
 trees that are deciduous, or shed their
leaves in autumn.
 rainfall is sufficient year round, cold winters
halt plant growth for several months.
 striking seasonal changes..
a
great number of animals once inhabited
these forests
• hunted to near extinction.
• careful protection and hunting regulations,
deer, moose, gray foxes, and several other
species are beginning to reappear.
• An enormous variety of birds spend their
summers in this biome, and chipmunks,
raccoons, opossums, and squirrels make it their
permanent home.
 organic
matter and nutrients are stored in
a layer of decaying leaves and twigs called
humus (HYOO-muhs).
 these forests make good farmland.
 encouraged human activities
• greatly altered the biome. For example, forest
land in New England was cleared of trees and
used for farming. Fortunately, much of the
original deciduous forest has since recovered.
 found
in the interior portions of many
continents
 grasslands are vast areas covered with
grasses and small leafy plants.
 rainfall (25 to 75 centimeters per year),
most of it falls in one season.
 include the plains and prairies of North
America, the steppes of Russia, the veld of
South Africa, and the pampas of
Argentina.
 hot
summers and cold winters.
 tropical grasslands - little seasonal change
in temperature.
• wet to very dry.
• groves of trees, are called savannas.
 do
not undergo ecological succession
 because of the grazing of large animals
and periodic fires.
• Serengeti grasslands of Africa, impala, gazelles,
wildebeests, and elephants graze.
 Wheat,
corn, and other grains are
heavily farmed in the
 rich soils of temperate grasslands can
support farming for many years.
 temperature
stays warm
 rain falls year round
 receive 200 to 400 centimeters of
rainfall each year.
 constant at about 25°C
 covers large areas of South America,
Southeast Asia, Africa, and Central
America.
 home
to more species of plants and
animals than can be found in all the rest of
the land biomes combined!
 trees grow to a height of 70 meters, and
their tops form a dense covering called a
canopy.
 Animal life in the rain forests is rich and
varied.
• Colorful insects and birds are particularly
abundant. Reptiles, small mammals, and
amphibians are common inhabitants of this
biome.
 Many
of the animals and plants that
inhabit the rain forests produce chemicals
that may be useful in fighting some types
of diseases.
 rain forests are being destroyed by the
rapid growth of the human population.
• If the destruction continues at its present rate,
almost all of the tropical rain forests will
disappear by the end of this century! Along
with the rain forests will go thousands of plant
and animal species found only in this
fascinating biome.
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Tropical Rain Forest
Tropical Dry Forest
Tropical Savanna
Desert
Temperate Grassland
Temperate Woodland & Shrub
Temperate Forest
Northwestern Coniferous Forest
Boreal Forest
Tundra