Transcript Botany 305 Lecture 2 – Plant Structures

EEB 304 Lecture 2 – Plant
Structures
Optional Assignment
List the continents that would be included under the
designations “Old World” and “New World”
Return as hard copy or send by e-mail to receive credit
Due this Thursday (1/20/11)
Population Clock Assignment – Collect Any Hard Copies
Assignment: Go to the following web site:
http://opr.princeton.edu/popclock/
Record the date and time of your visit, and write down the
estimate of human world population at that moment. E-mail the
results, or alternatively turn in a hard copy to class. Due 1/18.
Animal or Plant?! The sea slug, Elysia chlorotica, captures chloroplasts from the
algae on which it feeds. In addition, it has recently been shown to also have
incorporated into its genome some of the genes necessary for photosynthesis to
continue in these sequestered chloroplasts. True “green technology” in action to
produce a solar powered animal!
1. Write a brief paragraph to explain, what is a plant? Be
sure to mention the life cycle
2. World population has increased dramatically in recent
times. What has happened to grain production during this
time? Has it increased, decreased or stayed the same?
Compared to the increase in world population, is there:
(a) enough; (b) large surpluses or (c) large deficits
in food needed to feed everyone?
Height of tower: 634m
Plant Engineering and Design
What does a plant need to do?
Plant Engineering and Design
What does a plant need to do?
1. Attachment to ground
Plant Engineering and Design
What does a plant need to do?
1. Attachment to ground
2. Water uptake
Plant Engineering and Design
What does a plant need to do?
1. Attachment to ground
2. Water uptake
3. Photosynthesis (food production)
Plant Engineering and Design
What does a plant need to do?
1. Attachment to ground
2. Water uptake
3. Photosynthesis (food production)
4. Material transport
Plant Engineering and Design
What does a plant need to do?
1. Attachment to ground
2. Water uptake
3. Photosynthesis (food production)
4. Material transport
5. Reproduction:
- pollination
- seed dispersal
Plant Engineering and Design
Plants have a modular design:
Organs, Tissues, Tissue Systems
See Figure 1.1, p. 5
Plant Engineering and Design
Plants have a modular design:
Organs, Tissues, Tissue Systems
•
Roots
See Figure 1.1, p. 5
Plant Engineering and Design
Plants have a modular design:
Organs, Tissues, Tissue Systems
•
Roots
•
Stems
See Figure 1.1, p. 5
Plant Engineering and Design
Plants have a modular design:
Organs, Tissues, Tissue Systems
•
Roots
•
Stems
•
Leaves
See Figure 1.1, p. 5
Plant Engineering and Design
Plants have a modular design:
Organs, Tissues, Tissue Systems
•
Roots
•
Stems
•
Leaves
•
Flowers (=modified stem + leaves)
See Figure 1.1, p. 5
Plant Engineering and Design
Plants have a modular design:
Organs, Tissues, Tissue Systems
•
Roots
•
Stems
•
Leaves
•
Flowers (=modified stem + leaves)
•
Fruit + Seed
See Figure 1.1, p. 5
Roots
Primary Functions:
1. Attachment to substrate
2. Water and nutrient uptake
3. Transport of water and food
4. Food storage
See Figure 1.7, p. 8
Roots
Primary Functions:
1. Attachment to substrate
2. Water and nutrient uptake
3. Transport of water and food
4. Food storage
See Figure 1.7, p. 8
Major Functions of Roots
See Fig. 1.7, p. 8
Root Systems
See Fig. 1.6, p. 7
Roots First
See Fig. 1.6, p. 7
Roots First
See Fig. 1.6, p. 7
Roots First
Mycorrhizae
Adventitious
Roots
See Fig. 1.9, p. 9
Big Adventitious
Roots = Buttresses
Adventitious Roots – Used for Propagation
Storage Roots
The Shoot System
- Stems
The Shoot System
- Stems
nodes + internodes
The Shoot System
- Stems
nodes + internodes
- Leaves
The Shoot System
- Stems
nodes + internodes
- Leaves
blade + petiole
The Shoot System
- Stems
nodes + internodes
- Leaves
blade + petiole
- Buds
Stems – Functions
- Supportive Framework: Leaves and Flowers
- Conduction of food and water
Stems – Functions
- Supportive Framework: Leaves and Flowers
- Conduction of food and water
Design Constraints:
- Growth, from point source
- Cellular composition
Stems – Functions
- Supportive Framework: Leaves and Flowers
- Conduction of food and water
Design Constraints:
- Growth, from point source
- Cellular composition
Result: Mostly cylindrical structures and substructures
Stem –
Cylindrical
Structure
See Fig. 1.10, p. 9
Stem –
Cylindrical
Structure
Vascular
Bundle
Pith
See Fig. 1.10, p. 9
See Fig. 1.11, p. 10
Specialized Stems
Leaves - Functions
1. Food production (Photosynthesis)
Leaves - Functions
1. Food production (Photosynthesis)
- Light absorption
- Gas exchanges
- Food and nutrient transport
Leaves - Functions
1. Food production (Photosynthesis)
- Light absorption
- Gas exchanges
- Food and nutrient transport
2. Specialized functions in some plants
Leaf – Structure
See Fig. 1.13, p. 12
Leaf – Structure
See Fig. 1.13, p. 12
Thursday Class
- Plant Manipulation
- Plant Names
Read Chapter 1, pages 21-39