Transcript High-Volume (HV) Spray

PESTICIDE APPLICATION
IN THE GREENHOUSE
Punya Nachappa
GREENHOUSE MANAGEMENT HORT 6050
INTRODUCTION

A greenhouse is a unique
environment for the
development of pests.

Greenhouses are warm,
humid environments,
ideally suited for pest
development.

Pest population explosion
due to absence of natural
enemy complex.
ARTHROPOD PESTS OF GREENHOUSE

Whiteflies
 Aphids
 Fungus gnats
 Leaf miners
 Mealybugs
 Caterpillars
 Scale insects
 Thrips
 Mites
 Slugs and snails
PESTICIDES

Pesticides are substances
that can kill, repel,or
suppress the growth of
living organisms.

Different types of
application methods
CLASSIFICATION
I. Based on their use, relative to crop.
 Pre-plant: Applications before crop
planting.

Pre-emergence: Application of a
pesticide where a crop is present
but not emerged from soil.

Post-emergence: Application after a
crop is emerged.

Seed Dressing: Coating of pesticide
onto the seed.
II. Based on application method

Band sprayed: Straddling the row.

Directed: Towards target but
avoiding the crop.

Spot application: To individuals,
small patches or clumps of plants.

Chemigation: Injected into irrigation
water.
SELECTION OF APPLICATION
EQUIPMENT

Pest status

Pesticide formulations

Capacity of equipments

Operator safety features

Ease of operation, Calibration
maintenance
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Type and stage of crops grown
EFFECT OF APPLICATION FACTORS ON
BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES

Spray distribution

Drop numbers and size

Drop velocity

Spray and concentration
AGROCHEMICAL TRADE LABELS

Signal words - DANGER,
WARNING, CAUTION ,POISON

Precautionary measures useful in
preventing physical harm to the
individual

Instructions in case of exposure,
emergency treatment

Instructions in case of fire or
chemical spill

Instructions for chemical handling
and storage
METHODS OF PESTICIDE
APPLICATION
High-Volume (HV) Spray

Most common method of pesticide application

Least expensive

Size of spray droplets : >100microns

Coverage includes outer leaves and upper surfaces

Soluble powders, WP, EC.

Eg. Gasoline motor powered
pesticide sprayers
Cornell nozzles
DUST APPLICATION

Uncommon method.

Active ingredient and filler
(talc,clay, diatomaceous earth).

Application by hand-cranked units
to large motorized dusters.

Use respirators or gas masks while applying.
LOW-VOLUME (LV) SPRAYERS

Uniform coverage, less pesticide, reduction in time.

Smaller droplet size: <100microns.

Coverage include inner leaves.

Computer programmed.
ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYERS

Invented by Dr. Ed Law at the
University of Georgia.

Max-Charge induction electrostatic
nozzle.

Electrostatic sprayers produce
electrically charged spray droplets
which are carried into the plant
canopy in a high speed air stream.

The result is more than twice the
deposition efficiency
ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYERS
Improved canopy penetration
Increased under-leaf
coverage
Reduced spray drift
Better coverage
Fewer fill-ups
Easy calibration
Low maintenance
Dilute capability
AEROSOL APPLICATION

Insecticides in cylinders under pressure.

Propellants- isobutane, isopropane,
fluorocarbon, compressed carbon dioxide.
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Droplet size: <15-20 microns.
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Temperature: 70-80 F
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Calm day and dry foliage.
FOG APPLICATION
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LV method similar to aerosol application.
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Insecticide(10%) + oil based carrier.
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WP and EC.
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Droplet size: 10-60microns.

PPE
SMOKE APPLICATION

Another form of LV method.
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Simplest form of application.
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No specialized equipments.
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Dosage rate is important.
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Environmental considerations.
VOLATILIZATION

Gaining acceptance.

Frying pans above plant height.
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Labor simplicity.
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Low residues.
ROOT SUBSTARTE APPLICATION

Soil-borne insects.
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Granular formulations.

Small spoons to Feeder measure
meter.

Plants should be dry while
application, then water.
CALIBRATION
Is the process of measuring and adjusting the amount of
pesticide your equipment applies to the target area.
Three factors
 Correct pump operating pressure

Type of diluent or carrier

Spray volume required
PESTICIDE SAFETY

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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Equipment safety
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Storage area
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Disposal of pesticide containers
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Spill cleanup and reporting
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