Transcript Pollen grains are produced by

Pollen grains are produced by
1. male reproductive
structures.
2. female
reproductive
structures.
3. ovules.
4. flowers.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
If a plant’s gametophyte is
conspicuous, the plant is NOT a
1. bryophyte.
2. seed plant.
3. spore-bearing
vascular plant.
4. nonvascular plant.
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2
3
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5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
In angiosperms, reproduction
takes place in
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
leaves.
flowers.
cones.
pollen.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The carpels of some flowers are
composed of several fused
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
carpels.
petals.
anthers.
sepals.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The sterile leaves of a flower
are the
1. carpel and
stamens.
2. filaments and
anthers.
3. stigma and style.
4. sepals and petals.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Three generations of a gymnosperm’s
life cycle are represented in a
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
seed.
pollen grain.
pollen cone.
cone scale.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
A sticky secretion on the scales
of seed cones traps
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
sporophytes.
pollen cones.
pollen grains.
egg cells.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
A pollen grain landing near an
ovule produces a
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
gametophyte.
pollen tube.
flower.
stamen.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The pollen tube of a
gymnosperm contains
1. one haploid sperm
nucleus.
2. two haploid sperm
nuclei.
3. three haploid sperm
nuclei.
4. four haploid sperm
nuclei.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
In an angiosperm, pollen grains
are produced in the
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
stigma.
filament.
carpel.
anther.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
In angiosperms, the nucleus of
each pollen grain undergoes
1. one meiotic division.
2. two meiotic
divisions.
3. one mitotic division.
4. two mitotic divisions.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
How many nuclei are contained
within an angiosperm embryo sac?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
two
four
six
eight
2
3
4
25%
5
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The tough outer layer of a seed
is called the
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
seed coat.
fruit.
nut.
embryo wall.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
An angiosperm seed coat is formed
from toughened parts of the
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
ovule.
fruit.
ovary.
petals.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The light, winged structure that contains a
maple seed at its center forms from
1. the ovary wall and
flower stem.
2. two modified
leaves.
3. an outgrowth of
the seed coat.
4. the cotyledons.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
A ripened ovary that contains
angiosperm seeds is called a(an)
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
embryo.
seed.
fruit.
vegetable.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following is true of
all fruits?
1. All fruits contain
seeds.
2. All fruits are sweet.
3. All fruits are edible.
4. All fruits are formed
from the ovule.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What fruit-eating animal likely would ensure
the widest dispersal of a plant’s seeds?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
a rat
a raccoon
a bird
a squirrel
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The seed type shown in Figure 24–1 that is generally
dispersed by animals is(are)
25%
25%
25%
25%
1
2
3
4
5
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
B
both A and B
neither A nor B
A seed that is dispersed to an area far away
from the parent plant might face less
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
alternation.
pollination.
germination.
competition.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
In a coconut, the “milk” is
actually
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
the seed coat.
the ovary.
the fruit.
the endosperm.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Seeds that are dispersed by
wind and water typically are
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
lightweight.
large.
nutritious.
sweet and fleshy.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Seeds dispersed by animals
typically are contained in
1. fleshy, nutritious
fruits.
2. unripened ovaries.
3. thin coatings that are
easily digested.
4. lightweight
structures.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
An example in which the entire aboveground
part of the plant acts as a seed delivery
system is the
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. tumbleweed.
2. oak.
3. ash.
4. coconut tree.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
Seeds of temperate plants tend
to germinate in
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
winter.
spring.
summer.
fall.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
A period during which the embryo
of a seed is alive but not growing is
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
fruit production.
seed production.
germination.
dormancy.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
A period of dormancy can allow
seeds to germinate
1. under poor
conditions.
2. under ideal
conditions.
3. in extreme
temperatures.
4. without water.
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2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The early growth stage of a
plant embryo is called
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
fertilization.
dormancy.
germination.
pollination.
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3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What is true of the seed coat
during germination?
1. It must crack open.
2. It cannot be
damaged if
germination is to
occur.
3. It dissolves in water.
4. It is absorbed by the
growing plant.
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25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
During germination of most
monocots, the single cotyledon
1.
emerges aboveground
and protects the first
foliage leaves.
forms the growing
shoot.
remains within the seed.
remains underground.
2.
3.
4.
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2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Some plants reproduce
vegetatively by producing
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
plantlets.
seeds.
flowers.
pollen.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
When a plant reproduces
vegetatively, its offspring
1. are genetically
different.
2. are genetically
identical.
3. remain dormant
until the spring.
4. grow from seeds.
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3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Compared to the life cycle of a pine tree,
vegetative reproduction of a plant such as
an angiosperm is
1. more rapid.
2. much slower.
3. the same length—
one growing season.
4. the same length—
two growing
seasons.
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2
3
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25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
A parent plant and its plantlets
1. are not similar.
2. are genetically
identical.
3. develop inside
protective structures.
4. must always remain
attached.
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2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The horizontal stems of the strawberry plant shown in Figure
24–2 are called
25%1.
25%2.
25%3.
25%4.
1
2
3
4
5
scions.
stolons.
buds.
plantlets.
What could you conclude about two
naturally occurring clusters, several feet
apart, of a plant such as bamboo?
1.
They are genetically
different plants.
They are different,
though genetically
identical, plants.
They might be parts of
the same plant.
They are parts of the
same plant.
2.
3.
4.
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2
3
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5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Grafting produces
1. a single plant with
two genotypes.
2. a single plant with
one genotype.
3. two plants with
different genotypes.
4. two plants with
identical genotypes.
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2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What would be the best method of
propagating woody plants that do not
produce strong root systems?
25% 25%
25%
25%
using cuttings
grafting or
budding
planting seeds
hand pollination
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
Grafting usually works best
when plants are
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
growing.
germinating.
dormant.
pollinating.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which two methods of plant
propagation are most similar?
1. planting seeds and
rooting cuttings
2. rooting cuttings and
grafting
3. rooting cuttings and
budding
4. grafting and budding
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
In grafting, the cut stem that is attached
to the parent plant is called the
1. vascular
cambium.
2. stock.
3. scion.
4. cutting.
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2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
For a graft to be successful, what part of the
two plants must be firmly connected?
1. bark
2. roots
3. vascular
cambiums
4. stolons
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Most people in the world
depend on food crops such as
1.
sugar beets, cabbage,
and broccoli.
strawberries, chilies,
and avocados.
wheat, rice, and corn.
apples, grapes, and
strawberries.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Corn, sugar beets, broccoli, and
cabbage were all developed by
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
plant propagation.
germination.
pollination.
selective
breeding.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following statements
about crop plants is NOT true?
1.
Crop plants have been improved
through selective breeding.
In many crop plants, the endosperm is
our primary food source.
Yields of crop plants in North America
have decreased over time.
Most cropland in the United States is
used to grow only a few different crop
plants.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
In gymnosperms, gametophytes are hidden
in cones. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Pollen cones are also called female
cones. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
When you look at a mature gymnosperm or
angiosperm, you see the more conspicuous
gametophyte. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
In gymnosperms and angiosperms, the
pollen grains produce pollen tubes.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
A fruit always contains one or more
seeds. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
In seed plants, parts of the ovule toughen to form a
fruit, which protects the delicate embryo and its
food supply. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Fruit is an adaptation that helps ensure
pollination. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Seeds that are dispersed by animals are
typically contained in light, aerodynamic
fruits. _________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Some seeds go through a period of
dormancy, during which they do not
germinate. _________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Dormancy can allow a seed to germinate
under ideal growth conditions.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Immediate germination often serves to
increase the area over which seeds are
dispersed. _________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
If they fall to the ground and root, the leaves
of a parent plant can produce new plants.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Horticulturists use hand pollination to make
many identical copies of a plant.
______________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
A plant cutting used for propagation should have
one or more buds containing meristematic tissue.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
A grain cultivated as a food crop likely would
have seeds with a large proportion of seed
coat. _________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Participant Scores
0
0
Participant 1
Participant 2
0
0
0
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5
In a flower’s stamen, the filament is topped
by a(an) ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Two ovules lie at the base of each
scale on a ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
A sperm nucleus moves toward a flower’s
ovary through a long passageway called a
pollen ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
If an egg cell is fertilized by a sperm
nucleus, a ____________________ is
produced.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Any seed enclosed within its embryo wall is
properly referred to as a
____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
A fruit is a ripened ____________________
that contains angiosperm seeds.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Many lightweight seeds are dispersed
by wind or ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
A coconut is a very large
____________________ that contains a
milky endosperm layer.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
A seed that is dispersed a far distance away from
the parent plant may be more successful because
it faces less ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Extreme environmental conditions such as heat
and cold may affect the timing of
____________________, ending seed dormancy.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Figure 24–2
In the strawberry plant shown in Figure 24–
2, new plants are growing on structures
called _________________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
In a plant species that reproduces by the production of
horizontal stems or _________________________, it may
be difficult to differentiate the parent plant from the offspring
plant lying some distance away.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The major crop plants in the world today are
wheat, rice, and ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Figure 24–3
Figure 24–3 shows that, from 1970 to 2000, the annual
yield of corn in the United States fluctuated up and down.
The overall trend, however, is that corn yield has
____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Two types of chemicals that have increased
crop yields are pesticides and
____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Name the four types of
specialized leaves in a flower.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What is the function of a
pollination drop?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Name the process in which one sperm nucleus of an
angiosperm fuses with an egg nucleus and the other sperm
nucleus fuses with two other nuclei in the embryo sac.
What two cells does this process produce?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What is the typical method of pollen
dispersal for gymnosperms? For
angiosperms?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How can you tell by looking at a fruit how the
seeds it contains are dispersed?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Figure 24–1
Of the seeds shown in Figure 24–1, which is
more typically dispersed by wind? How can
you tell?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Name two environmental factors
that can end a seed’s dormancy.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What role does water play in the
germination of a seed?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How does a plantlet become a
new plant?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Name three ways that new plants are
produced by vegetative reproduction.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Why do horticulturists use plant
propagation?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How might a horticulturist make
exact copies of a plant?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
If you were planning to graft two plants, what
aspect of their growing conditions should
you consider, and why?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Figure 24–3
According to Figure 24–3, what happened to
overall yield of corn in the United States
from 1970 to 2000?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How did the advent of agriculture
influence human migration patterns?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What does the term alternation of
generations refer to? Where are these two
generations in seed plants?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How is the evolution of attractive traits such as bright colors
and sweet nectar in angiosperms related to the dominance
of angiosperms over gymnosperms?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Describe the formation of a fruit
in an angiosperm.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What is the adaptive value to a plant of
producing a large, sweet fruit?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Explain how a forest fire can affect the
germination of certain pine seeds and the
recovery of the forest from a fire.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The seeds of some plants can remain dormant for many
years, germinating only when conditions are favorable.
Why might a long period of dormancy be an advantage to a
plant that lives in a harsh environment?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What advantage does vegetative reproduction
offer a horticulturist who is growing large numbers
of a specific variety of plant for commercial sales?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Describe grafting and budding, and explain
why these methods of propagation are used.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What do budding and reproduction using
cuttings have in common, and what limits
the usefulness of each?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Describe two important ways in which
agricultural efficiency has been improved.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5