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SCIENCE 5 Topic 2: The plant kingdom Pupil’s book Summary p. 20 What are the characteristics of plants? Plants make their own food. Plants can’t move from place to place. Most plants reproduce by seeds, which develops from flowers. Plants contain chlorophyll. Photosynthesis Pupil’s book Exercise correction p. 19 ex 1 The classification of plants Roots Stem Leaves Flowers Seeds Fruit Angiosperms Gymnosperms Algae Mosses Ferns p. 20 ex 3 Plant cells Plant cells contain a nucleus, a strong cell wall, which gives the cell its shape, a cell membrane and cytoplasm. They contain chloroplasts, which give plants their green colour and are used in photosynthesis. Finally, plant cells have a large vacuole. This contrains water and minerals. p. 20 ex 4 Parts of a cell a. The nucleus E Controls what enters and leaves the cell. b. The chloroplasts A Control the functions of the cell. c. The cell wall B Make the plant green and help make food during photosynthesis. d. The vacuole C Protects the cell and gives it its shape. e. The cell membrane D Contains water and minerals. p. 21 ex 2 Label a plant p. 21 ex 3 Parts of a plant Most plants have roots, stems and leaves. Roots absorb water and minerals needed for nutrition. p. 22 ex 1 What do plants need to perform photosynthesis? In order to perform photosynthesis, plants need: Water (taken from the soil) Minerals (taken from the soil) Carbon dioxide (taken from the air) Sunlight (from the Sun) Chlorophyll (from the chloroplasts, in the plant cells) p. 22 ex 2 Classify what Plants take in and what plants give out in a chart Plants take in Water Minerals Carbon dioxide Energy from the Sun Plants give out Oxygen Glucose p. 22 ex 3 Plant nutrition Match and write the sentences a. The plant uses sunlight in the chloroplasts in the plant cells. b. The plant absorbs water carries nutrients to the leaves. c. The chlorophyll is found carries glucose to the rest of the plant. d. Xylem sap e. The phloem sap f. The plant expels for photosynthesis. oxygen through the stomata. throught the roots. p. 24 ex 1 Flowering plant reproduction. Classify in a chart. Female organs Male organs Pistil Stamen Stigma Anther Style Filament Ovules Ovary p. 24 ex 4 Flowring plant reproduction. Match the sencences a. Most flowering plants b are called pollen b. The male reproductive cells e is called a pistil. c. The female reproductive cells d are called stamens. d. The male organs A use sexual reproduction. e. The female organs C are called ovules. p. 28 ex. 1 Plant nutrition The roots hold the plant in the ground and take in water and minerals from the soil. The leaves contain chlorophyll and take in carbon dioxide through the stomata. Xylem cells carry water and minerals along the stem and to the leaves. p. 28 ex 2 The parts of a plant cell A. The nucleus A Controls the functions of the cell. b. The cell wall D Is a jelly like substance where chemical reactions take place. c. The cell membrane C Controls what enters and leaves the cell d. Cytoplasm F Contains water and minerals e. The chloroplpasts B Protects the cell and gives it its shape f. The vacuole E Are used in the process of photopsynthesis to make the plan’ts food p. 28 ex 3 Photosynthesis Water + minerals + carbon dioxide + sunlight + chlorophyll = glucose and oxygen P. 28 ex 4 Plant reproduction Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction Pistil Ovary Stamen Pollen Seed Stolon Tuber Spore p. 28 ex 5 Plant classification Ferns reproduce using spores. Angiosperms have flowers and seeds. Algae dont have roots, stems, leaves and flowers. Gymnosperms make seeds in cones. Mosses have very simple roots, stems and leaves. The mystery word is: SOIL p. 29 ex 6 Identify the key words All plants share some important characteristics. Firtly, plants are producers, which means they can make their own food. Secondly, all plants interact with their environment. They can react to light, temperature and water. Thirdly, almost all plants are green because their cells contain chlrophyll. Finally, all plants reproduce. Some plants reproduce by growing flowers which then produce seeds. This is called sexual reproduction. Other plants use asexual reproduction. p. 29 ex 7 Concept map 1. Respiration 2. Sexual 3. Gymnosperms 4. Non-flowering 5. Mosses 6. Roots 7. plant cell 8. cytoplasm Activity book Exercise correction p. 7 ex 1 Write descriptions of the plants in the photos. A) This is an angiosperm. It has roots, a stem, leaves and flowers. It produces seeds and fruit too. B) This is a fern. It has roots, a stem and leaves. It doesn’t have flowers. It doesn’t produce seeds or fruit. C) This is a moss. It has very simple roots, a stem and thin leaves. It doesn’t have flowers. It doesn’t produce seeds or fruit. D) This is a gymnosperm. It has roots, a stem, leaves and flowers. It doesn’t produce any fruit. The seeds develop in cones. E) This is an algae. It doesn’t have true roots, stems, leaves or flowers. It doesn’t produce seeds or fruits. P. 7 ex 2 – Read the definitions and write the words. Cone : this is where the gymnosperm’s seeds develop. Fronds: These are large, long leave on a fern. They are divided into many narrow sections. Flowering plants : These types of plants produce flowers. P. 7 ex 3 – Odd one out. Algae moss leaf fern 1. Because it is a plant part. 2. Because it is not a type of plant p. 8 ex 4 The characteristics of the plants a. How do plants get their nutrients? Plants get their food by photosynthesis b. What do plants react to? Plants react to sunlight. c. How do most plants reproduce? Most plants reproduce by seeds p. 8 ex 5 The parts of the plant cell a. The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell. b. The cell wall protects the cell and gives it its shape. c. The nucleus controls the functions of the cell. d. The vacuole contains water and minerals. e. The cytoplasm is where chemical reactions happen. f. The chloroplasts help during photosynthesis. p. 8 ex 6 The parts of the plant Leaves are the parts of the plant where it makes its food. They contain the chlorophyll whih is necessary for photosynthesis. On the underside of the leaf there are tiny pores which are called stomata. Carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen passes out through each of these pores. The stem supports the plant. Water and minerals travel through the stem to the leaves for photosynthesis. The stem then distributes the food to the other parts of the plant. The roots hold the plant in the ground. If you look closely at a root, you can see tiny hairs, which are called root hairs. Roots absorb water and minerals needed for nutrition from the ground. p. 8 ex 7 Odd one out Blade Stem Petiole Stomata Stem because it’s not part of a leaf. Stem because it supports the plant. p. 9 ex 8 Photosynthesis Plant cells called xylem cells, carry sap, a mixture of water and minerals from the soil.. This sap travels through the stem to the leaves. Colour this sap green. The chlorophyll in the chloroplasts in the plant cells traps energy from the sun. Colour the sunlight yellow. The leaves absorb carbon dioxide from the air through their stomata. Colour this gas red. The chlorophyll traps energy from the Sun to make glucose. Plant cells carry the glucose in phloem sap to the rest of the plant. Colour this sap orange. The plant expels excess oxygen through the stomata. Colour this gas blue. p. 9 ex 9 Photosynthesis a. What do the roots take in during photosynthesis? The roots take in water and minerals during photosynthesis. b. What do the leaves take in during photosynthesis? The leaves absorb (=take in) carbon dioxide c. What helps the plant trap energy from the Sun? The chlorophyll in the chloroplasts in the plant cells traps energy from the Sun. d. What sap is produced by plant cells in the leaves? The phloem sap is produced by plant cells. p. 9 ex 10 Odd one out Oxygen because the plant: doesn’t take it in doesn’t absorb expels it through stomata gives it out p. 10 ex 11 in plants Sexual reproduction Most flowering plants use sexual reproduction. The flowers have both male and female organs. The male organs are called stamens. Each one has a long filament and an anther at the end. This is where the plant produces pollen. The female organ is in the centre of the flower and is called the pistil. It catches the pollen with a sticky part called the stigma. From here the pollen travels down a long tube called the style and into the ovary. When the pollen and an ovule join together, they make a seed. p. 10 ex 12 How do they reproduce? This is a strawberry plant. It uses stolons to reproduce. This is a potato plant. It uses tubers to reproduce. This is a fern. It uses spores to reproduce. p. 10 ex 13 Classify the words Group A Female organs Group B Male organs Pistil Ovary Stigma Ovules Style Stamen Anther Filament Pollen p. 10 ex 14 Odd one out Stamen because it’s a male organ. p. 11 ex 15 Why are rainforests important? What will happen to some species if we destroy the rainforests? They will become extint. What will happen to the planet’s air if we destroy the rainforest? It will become unbreathable What will happen to the rivers and lakes if we destroy the rainforests? They will become dry. How can we protect the rainforests? We can plant new trees; we can recycle paper… p. 11 ex 11 Mystery word Leaf ; Stem ; Oxygen; Stamen The mystery word is (A S T M O T A) = Stomata Definition: These are small holes in the plant’s leaves.