Transcript Nomenclature and Physiology of Flowers

Nomenclature and
Anatomy of Flowers
Modified by Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum Office
June 2002
August 2008
A complete flower has 4 parts
present
•
•
•
•
sepals
petals
stamens
pistils
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Sepal
• One of the outermost flower structures
• Commonly small, green, leaflike
structures
• When the sepals and petals appear the
same (such as lilies), they are called
tepals
• Collective word for sepals and petals is
called perianth
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Petals
• Usually conspicuously colored
• Collectively called the corolla
• Normally positioned between sepals and
inner flower parts
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Stamens
• Threadlike extensions that stand upright
from the perianth
• Male reproductive parts of a flower
• Consists of the anther and the filament
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Pistils
• Female reproductive parts of a flower
• Consists of the stigma, style, and ovary
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Types of Flower Structure
• Solitary
• Inflorescence
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Solitary Flowers
• Flowers that form singly on upright stalks
• Ex: tulips, roses, daffodils
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Inflorescence
• A flower that is made up of several florets
• Flowers have a branching pattern from the
main stem
• The main stalk of an inflorescence is a
peduncle, stalks that support the florets
are called pedicels
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Types of Inflorescence
Spike:
• Has an elongated
inflorescence on the
main stem.
• Ex: liatris, gladiolus
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Types of Inflorescence
Raceme:
• Similar to a spike
except florets aren’t
directly attached to
the stem
• Ex: delphinium
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Types of Inflorescence
Corymb:
• Has a flat top or
slightly convex shape
• Has main stem with
pedicels of unequal
length
• Ex: yarrow
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Types of Inflorescence
Cyme:
• Broad and flat topped
• Has divisions that
arise below a terminal
flower
• Ex: Bird of Paradise
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Types of Inflorescence
Umbel:
• Flower cluster that is
easily recognized
• Simple umbel has
single pedicelled
flowers all arising from
the top of the main
stem. Ex: agapanthus
• Compound umbel has
secondary umbels
arising from main stem.
Ex: Queen Anne’s
Lace
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Types of Inflorescence
Spadix:
• Thick flower spike surrounded by a
conspicuous bract.
• The spathe (bract) is often mistakenly
identified as the flower
• Ex: Anthurium
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Types of Inflorescence
Catkin:
• Slender, scaly-bracted inflorescence found
on woody plants
• Ex: Willow, alder, birch
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Types of Inflorescence
Head Flower:
• Short, dense cluster
of flowers in a flat
pattern
• Ex: sunflowers
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Leaf Parts
• Blade
• Petiole
• Stipules
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Leaf Types
• Simple leaf: leaf with a single blade
• Compound leaf: leaf with more than one
blade (leaflets)
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Leaf Vein Patterns
• Vein patterns in
leaf blades are
called venation
• Types
– parallel
– palmate
– pinnate
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Leaf Shapes
• Basic outline of the blade make up the
shape of the leaf
• Ex: oblong, linear, pelate, elliptic
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Leaf Margins
• Edge of the leaf blade is called a margin
• The appearance of the margin can affect
the texture of a design
• Ex: entire, undulate, serrate, lobed
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Assignment
• With a partner:
– Make a PowerPoint or Prezzi about the types
of flowers and leaves discussed
– Find at least 3 pictures/examples of each
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