Transcript File - Science for all

In your marble composition
book…
• What is the Greenhouse Effect?
• How does the Greenhouse Effect work?
Explain how heat circulates through the
atmosphere and how the ozone layer
influences that heat transfer.
• What does the scene from Frosty have to
do with the Greenhouse Effect?
Complete the following in your
marble composition book! 
• We’re going to watch the following clip
together.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DASXs
UuP3zw
• What do you think the scene from Frosty
has to do with the Greenhouse Effect?
Greenhouse Effect
What regulates Earth’s
temperature?
Energy Transfer in the
Atmosphere
What regulates Earth’s temperature?
To answer this question we have to begin to
think about where the heat comes from.
Which means, we have to start to
reminiscing on energy!
What do we already know about
energy?
• Think back, a long time back, all the way
to…. Last year! There are three main types
of energy transfer.
• Complete chart walk around the room about
what we already know.
Energy Transfer
• The transfer of energy by electromagnetic
waves, or energy that can travel through space
is called radiation.
Visible light Majority of sunlight in the form of a
mixture of all the colors you see in the rainbow
(ROYGBV).
Infrared radiation Form of energy with
wavelengtsh longer than visible light and is not
visible but can be felt as HEAT!
Gamma Radiation – Short wavelengths that can
break bonds.
Greenhouse vs. Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Effect
• The greenhouse effect is the natural occurrence
that keeps Earth WARM!
• The greenhouse effect helps regulate
temperature on Earth.
• As visible light (radiation) enters the
atmosphere, it is converted to infrared
radiation and is trapped by gases in the
air.
• These gases are called Greenhouse Gases!
• Thermal energy is transferred through the
atmosphere by:
1.Radiation – sunlight reaching the Earth’s
atmosphere.
2.Conduction – Transfer of that energy by
CONTACTING the actual atmosphere and
ground.
3.Convection – Transfer of thermal energy
by movement of AIR particles within the
atmosphere.
1
3
2
Stop – Think - Pair
1. Where does the energy come from that
heats the Earth?
2. Trace the energy in our atmosphere
Ozone Layer
• The Ozone Layer is one layer of the
stratosphere, the second layer of the
Earth’s atmosphere.
• The Ozone Layer is the mass of protective
gases clinging to our planet.
– Remember that as elevation increases, the
temperature increases in the Stratosphere.
Why do you think the Stratosphere layer gets
warmer?
Greenhouse Effect
The Sun’s energy reaches Earth
through Radiation (energy
traveling through Space)
What is Insolation?
The incoming solar radiation (energy
from the Sun) that reaches Earth
When and where does the most intense Insolation
occur?
Time of Day: Noon
Time of Year: June 21 (NH)
Where:
Near the Equator
How much solar
radiation reaches Earth?
The Earth’s
surface only
absorbs 51%
of incoming
solar
radiation
Greenhouse Effect
• The Process by which atmosphere gases
absorb heat energy from the sun and
prevent heat from leaving our
atmosphere.
• In other words, greenhouse gases trap
heat energy and keep it close to earth.
• 3 Main Greenhouse Gases: CARBON
DIOXIDE (CO2), Methane, and WATER
VAPOR
The Greenhouse Effect works like a Greenhouse
Write your explanation and question in your
notes
The sad tale of Frosty…. 
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DASX
sUuP3zw
• What happened to Frosty? And WHY???
• Details people! Give DETAILS!
What causes an Increase in
Greenhouse gases?
• 1. CARBON DIOXIDE is added to the
atmosphere when people burn coal, oil
(gasoline), and natural gas FOSSIL FUELS,
for transportation, factories, and electricity.
What else causes an increase in
Greenhouse gases?
• 2. Deforestation, or the clearing of forests,
also increases the amount of CARBON
DIOXIDE in the air because in
photosynthesis plants take in carbon
dioxide and remove it from the atmosphere,
they make oxygen.
What else causes an increase in
Greenhouse gases?
• 3. Volcanoes, fires, and respiration
(breathing) also add CO2 to the
atmosphere.
Carbon
Cycle
• 4. Methane is produced when
garbage is buried in landfills,
from animal waste (poop), and
from other natural sources.
• 5. As temperatures increase, evaporation
increases which adds water vapor.
In your marble composition
book…
• What does the scene from Frosty have to
do with the Greenhouse Effect?
• What is the Greenhouse Effect?
• How does the Greenhouse Effect work?
Explain the how heat circulates through the
atmosphere and how the ozone layer
influences that heat transfer.
Is Global Warming Happening?
• How much have global temperatures changed between 1980
•
and 2000?
How much are global temperatures expected to change
between 2000 and 2100?
Is Sea Level Rising?
How much has sea level gone up since 1990?
Is Global Warming Melting Ice Caps?
What percent of the polar ice caps have melted since 1979?
Create a t-chart and list the
good and bad things that you
can think about the greenhouse
effect.
Good
Bad
Is the Greenhouse Effect
Good or Bad?
• It is necessary for life (good)- it keeps
our climate toasty warm and prevents
it from fluctuating (changing) too
much.
• It is bad when: there are too many
greenhouse gasses and the climate
gets warmer (GLOBAL WARMING)
Greenhouse Effect Vs. Global Warming
Greenhouse Effect is the
natural process where
retention of the heat by
the greenhouses gases
on the surface of the
Earth, allowing the
planet’s temperature to
rise.
Global Warming is when
the average
temperature of the
Earth’s atmosphere and
the oceans rise.
Consider the Greenhouse effect on
other planets
Mercury
Venus
Creating Greenhouse Illustration
• Let’s diagram that phenomenon!
Independent Practice
Complete the following in your
marble composition book! 
Hurricane Matthew is currently a category 5
hurricane!!! Hurricane Matthew will make
landfall this afternoon in Jamaica. Although
Matthew’s next course of action is uncertain,
meteorologist are able to “deduce” Matthew’s
next path.
How are meteorologist able to predict the path
of major storms? What determines a
hurricanes motion, strength, or speed?
Global Winds and Air Movement
Air Movement
•Wind is the movement
of air caused by
differences in air pressure
•The greater the
difference, the faster the
wind moves
Air Pressure
•Differences in air pressure
are caused by the uneven
heating of Earth
•Uneven heating produces
pressure belts which
occur every 30° latitude
Let’s take a quick look at
lines of Latitude on a
map/globe.
Pressure Belts
•As warm air rises at the
equator and moves toward
the poles, it cools
•As it cools, some of the air
sinks around 30° north
and south of the equator
Pressure Belts
•At the poles, cold air
sinks and moves towards
the equator
•Around 60° north and
south, the air begins to
heat up and rise
Global Winds
•The combination of pressure
belts and the Coriolis Effect
cause global winds
•These are polar
easterlies, prevailing
westerlies, and trade
winds
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ixT7
D3f8Qo
Polar Easterlies
•Formed from cold sinking air
moving from the poles
creating cold
temperatures
•Wind belts that extend from
the poles to 60° latitude
Prevailing Westerlies
•Wind belts found between
30° and 60° latitude
•Flow towards the poles
from west to east carrying
moist air over the United
States
Trade Winds
•Winds that blow from
30° almost to the
equator
•Called the trade winds
because of their use by
early sailors
Doldrums
•Located along the
equator where no
winds blow because
the warm rising air
creates an area of low
pressure
Jet Stream
•The jet streams are
narrow belts of high
speed winds that blow
in the upper troposphere
and lower stratosphere
•Separates warm air
from cold air
Local Winds
•Generally move short
distances and can blow
in any direction
•Caused by geographic
features that produce
temperature differences
Sea Breezes
• High pressure is created over
the ocean during the day and
low pressure over land due to
uneven heating
• Air moves from the ocean to
the land creating a sea
breeze
Land Breezes
• Low pressure occurs over the
ocean during the night and
high pressure over land due to
the uneven heating of earth
• This causes wind to move from
the land to the ocean creating
a land breeze
Question 1
•What causes winds?
Answer
•Winds are caused by the
uneven heating of
Earth’s surface, which
causes pressure
differences
Question 2
•What are the three types
of global winds?
Answer
•Polar Easterlies
•Westerlies
•Trade Winds
Question 3
•What is the difference
between a land breeze
and a sea breeze?
Answer
•Sea breezes occur during
the day when the land is
warmer than water and a
land breeze occurs at
night when the water is
warmer than land