Transcript MillerLevine4_1_Rev1_Notes - Bloomsburg Area School District

Lesson Overview
Climate
Lesson Overview
4.1 Climate
Lesson Overview
Climate
Weather and Climate
 _____________is the day-to-day condition of Earth’s atmosphere.
 ____________ refers to average conditions over long periods and
is defined by year-after-year patterns of temperature and
precipitation.
 Climate is rarely uniform even within a region. Environmental
conditions can vary over small distances, creating _____________.
 For example, in the Northern Hemisphere, _____________ sides of
trees and buildings receive more sunlight, and are often warmer
and drier, than north-facing sides. These differences can be very
important to many organisms.
Lesson Overview
Climate
Factors That Affect Climate
What factors determine global
climate?
Global climate is shaped by many
factors, including _____________
______________in the
biosphere,______________, and the
______________ by winds and
ocean currents.
Lesson Overview
Climate
Solar Energy and the Greenhouse Effect
 The main force that shapes our climate is _____
__________ that arrives as sunlight that strikes
Earth’s surface.
 Some of that energy is ____________back into
space, and some is ___________and ________
into heat.
Lesson Overview
Climate
Solar Energy and the Greenhouse Effect
 Some of the heat also____________________,
and some is_____________________________.
 The balance between heat that stays in the
biosphere and heat lost to space determines
Earth’s___________________________.
Lesson Overview
Climate
Solar Energy and the Greenhouse Effect
 Earth’s temperature is largely controlled by concentrations of
three atmospheric___________________________________
_____________________.
 These “___________________” function like glass in a
greenhouse, allowing visible light to enter but trapping heat
through a phenomenon called the ______________________.
Lesson Overview
Climate
Solar Energy and the Greenhouse Effect
 If greenhouse gas concentrations rise, they ____
____________, so Earth warms. If their
concentrations fall,___________________, and
Earth cools.
 Without the greenhouse effect, Earth would be
about __________________ than it is today.
Lesson Overview
Climate
Latitude and Solar Energy
 Near the_________, solar
energy is intense, as the
sun is almost directly
overhead at noon all year.
That’s why equatorial
regions are generally so
__________.
 The curvature of Earth
causes the same amount
of solar energy to ______
__________over a much
larger area near the poles
than near the equator.
Lesson Overview
Climate
Latitude and Solar Energy
 Earth’s ___________
annually receive less
intense solar energy, and
therefore heat, from the
sun.
 The difference in heat
distribution creates three
different climate zones:
_____________________
______________.
Lesson Overview
Climate
Latitude and Solar Energy
 The__________, which includes
the equator, is located between
__________________________
latitudes. This zone receives nearly
direct sunlight all year.
 On either side of the tropical zone
are the two ______________,
between __________________
_________________________.
 Beyond the temperate zones are
the ____________ , between
___________________________
_________________________.
Lesson Overview
Climate
Latitude and Solar Energy
 ______________________
receive very different amounts of
solar energy at different times of
the year because Earth’s axis is
tilted.
 As Earth revolves around the
sun, solar radiation strikes
different regions at angles that
vary from summer to winter.
 During winter in the temperate
and polar zones, the sun is much
____________ in the sky, days
are _____________, and solar
energy is less intense.
Lesson Overview
Climate
Heat Transport in the Biosphere
 The unequal distribution
of heat across the globe
creates ____________
_____________, which
transport heat and
moisture.
 Earth has winds
because warm air is
_________________ ,
and cool air is _______
__________________.
Lesson Overview
Climate
Heat Transport in the Biosphere
 Air that is heated by
warm areas of Earth’s
surface—such as near
the _______________
___________________
___________________
____________, losing
heat along the way.
 As the warm air cools, it
______________.
Lesson Overview
Climate
Heat Transport in the Biosphere
 In cooler regions, near
the poles, chilled air
sinks toward Earth’s
surface, pushing air at
the surface _________.
 This air __________ as
it travels over the
surface and rises.
Lesson Overview
Climate
Heat Transport in the Biosphere
 These upward and downward
movements of air create ______.
 Winds _________________ from
regions of rising warmer air to
regions of sinking cooler air.
 Earth’s rotation causes winds to
blow generally from _________
over the temperate zones and
from _______________over the
tropics and the poles.
Lesson Overview
Climate
Heat Transport in the Biosphere
 Similar patterns of heating and cooling occur in the
__________________.
 ______________________ is pushed by winds.
 ___________________, like air currents, transport
enormous amounts of _______________.
Lesson Overview
Climate
Heat Transport in the Biosphere
 Warm surface currents __________________________ to air
that passes over them.
 __________________________ cool air that passes over them.
 In this way, surface currents affect the _________________ of
nearby __________________.
Lesson Overview
Climate
Heat Transport in the Biosphere
 ________________________ are caused by cold water near the
poles sinking and flowing along the ocean floor.
 This water rises in warmer regions through a process called
__________________.
Lesson Overview
Chapter 6
Climate
Section 1 What Is a Biome?
The World’s Major Terrestrial Biomes
Lesson Overview
Chapter 6
Climate
Section 1 What Is a Biome?
Biomes and Climate
____________ is the average weather
conditions in an area.
Climate determines which ________ can grow,
which defines the biome.
The two most important factors that
determine climate are:
_________________
_________________
Lesson Overview
Chapter 6
Climate
Section 1 What Is a Biome?
Temperature and Precipitation
 Biomes that do not receive enough rainfall to
support large trees support communities dominated
by
__________________________________________.
 In biomes where rainfall is not frequent, the
vegetation is mostly ________________________. In
extreme cases, lack of rainfall results in
______________, no matter what the temperature
is.
 The higher the temperature and precipitation are,
the ________________________ the vegetation is.
Lesson Overview
Chapter 6
Climate
Section 1 What Is a Biome?
Temperature and Precipitation
Lesson Overview
Climate
Climatograms
Graphic
representation of
the average
precipitation (Blue
bars) and
temperature (Red
line)
Lesson Overview
Chapter 6
Climate
Section 1 What Is a Biome?
Latitude and Altitude
 __________________ is the distance north or south
from the equator, and is expressed in degrees.
 ______________ is the height of an object above a
reference point, such as ______________ or the
Earth’s surface.
 Climate varies with ___________ and ___________.
 Climate gets ______________________ as latitude
and altitude increase.
Lesson Overview
Chapter 6
Climate
Section 1 What Is a Biome?
Latitude and Altitude
 As latitude and altitude increase, biomes and
vegetation ________________.
 Trees of tropical rainforests  ______________
 Mosses and lichen of the tundra ______________
 The ______________ region (Forest, Grassland)
________________________
________________________
________________________
Lesson Overview
Chapter 6
Climate
Section 1 What Is a Biome?
Latitude and Altitude