Transcript factors that affect climate (lacemops)

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1. The influence of _Latitude__ on climate is part of the
_Earth__-_Sun_ relationship. During the earth’s annual
_revolution___ around the sun, the sun’s _direct_ _rays_ fall
upon the planet in a regular pattern.
2. This pattern can be correlated with _bands_, or __zones_,
of _latitude_ to describe climate regions. Within each
latitude zone, the climate follows general patterns.
3. Complete the Chart below. Shade the following with colored
pencils.
Low Latitudes=Blue
Mid-Latitudes=Lt. Blue
High Latitudes= White
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mcwdn.org/MAPS%26GLOBES/LatitudeLines.gif&imgrefurl=http://
www.mcwdn.org/MAPS%26GLOBES/Latitude.html&h=201&w=201&sz=5&hl=en&start=193&um=1&tbnid=lJ11mfYElPS
C9M:&tbnh=104&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dearth%2Blatitude%26start%3D180%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3
D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us:IESearchBox%26rlz%3D1I7GGLG%26sa%3DN
Low
Middle
High
Latitude Zones
Polar Zone
High Latitudes
Middle Latitudes
Temperate Zone
Low Latitudes
Tropics
Temperate Zone
Middle Latitudes
High Latitudes
Polar Zone
7. At ALL latitudes elevation influences climate
because of the relationship between the
_elevation_of a place and it’s _temperature_.
The earth’s atmosphere _thins_ as altitude
__increases_. Thinner air retains less_heat_.
As elevation increases, temperatures decrease
about 3.5 ◦F for each _1,000_ feet.
It is 75º at the
base of a 10,000
ft. tall mountain.
What is the
temperature on
top?
First, count the
thousands…
(10,000)
Second,
multiply that
number by
3.5…
Third,
Subtract that
number from the
temperature at the
base to get the
answer…
3.5° (from formula)
X 10 (how many thousands of feet the mountain is tall)
35° (how much colder at the top than the bottom)
75° (temperature at bottom)
- 35° (how much colder at the top)
40 ° (temperature at the top)  Answer
Wind and water combine with the effects of the sun to influence
Earth’s weather and climate.
 8. Winds occur because the sun heats up the earth’s atmosphere
and surface unevenly__.
 9. Rising warm air =__low pressure_
Falling cold air=__high pressure__ When cool air flows to
replace the warm rising air. These movements over the earth’s
surface causes _winds__, which distribute the sun’s heat around
the planet.
 10. Prevailing winds are global winds that blow in fairly constant
patterns. The direction they blow is determined by_latitude__
and is effected by the earth’s __movement__. Because the
earth rotates to the _east_, the global winds are displaced
__clock-wise___in the Northern Hemisphere and
_counter-clockwise ___ in the Southern Hemisphere.
This phenomenon, called the __coriolis efect___, causes
prevailing winds to blow diagonally rather than strict N-S/E-W
lines.
The Coriolis force deflects to the right in the Northern
hemisphere and to the left in the Southern hemisphere when
viewed along the line of motion.
 11.
Winds are named from the _direction_from
which they blow, but sometimes given names
from the early days of sailing. Due to their
ability to move ships, prevailing winds of the
Low Latitudes were called__trade___ winds.
12. Low Latitudes=Trade Winds=blow from
the_northeast__towards the _equator_ from
about 30ºN and from the _southeast_toward
the equator from about latitude 30◦S.
Mid-latitudes=Westerlies=blow diagonally
_west__to _east___ between 30 between
about 30◦N and 60◦N and between about 30◦S
and 60◦S.
High latitudes=Polar Easterlies= blow
diagonally _east__to _west_pushing cold air
toward the mid-latitudes.
Doldrums= windless area along the equator
#12 cont. Horse Latitudes=Two narrow bands
of calm air North of the Tropic of Cancer and
south of the Tropic of Capricorn. The winds
were named this because ships were stranded
for weeks due to calm winds and sailors threw
horses that died overboard.
O - OCEAN
CURRENTS
Currents are
basically rivers in
the ocean. They
move around 4
miles an hour.
The surface
currents of the
ocean are
characterized by
large gyres, or
currents that are
kept in motion by
prevailing winds,
but the direction
of which is
altered by the
rotation of the
earth.
http://go.owu.edu/~jbkrygie/krygier_html/geog_111/geog_111_lo/geog_111_lo05_gr/3-16.jpg
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13. Ocean currents: Just as winds move in patterns, cold and
warm streams of water, known as _currents__, move through
the oceans. Ocean currents are caused by the same factors
that cause winds, including the earth’s rotation, changes in
air pressure, and differences in water temperature. The
Coriolis effect is observed in Ocean current, too, causing,
them to move in _clock-wise__ circles in the Northern
Hemisphere and _counter-clock-wise__in the Southern
Hemisphere.
14. As waters circulate, cold water from polar areas moves
slowly toward the equator, warming as it moves through the
Tropics. This water forms the __warm___ocean currents. The
warm water in turn moves away from the equator, cooling to
become a cold current.
15. Ocean currents affect climate in coastal lands they pass.
Warm current=_warm_land temperatures (Wet)
Cold Current=__cool__ land temperatures (Dry)
16. Example: The _North__ _Atlantic_ _Drift_, a warm water
Gulf Stream current, flows near Western Europe. This
current gives Europe a milder climate in spite of its
northern latitude.
Wind and water work together to affect weather in another
important way. Driven by temperature, condensation creates
precipitation, moisture falling to earth in the form of rain,
sleet, hail, or snow.
 17. The diagram shows the _Water Cycle_____
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18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Number 2 represents: __Condensation______
Number 3 represents: __evaporation_____
Number 4 represents: __precipitation_____
Number 5 represents: _water__
Water soaks into the ground in the
process known as __infiltration__.
23. Water transpired from plants
is known as ___transpiration_.
Note #21
could be accumulation,
Storage, any body of water
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25. Mountain Barrier/
Orographic Effect:
The windward side of the
mountain. The moisture full
clouds are too heavy to make
it over the mountain so
precipitation occurs, after the
precipitation, the clouds have
no moisture and are able to
rise over the mountain. The
side facing away from the
wind is called the leeward
side. The leeward side of a
mountain is arid. The
windward side has lush
vegetation. The leeward side
of a mountain is in the rain
shadow and is usually a
desert.. The moisture full
clouds are too heavy to make
it over the mountain so
precipitation
rainshadow
Wind with
Moisture
Arid
Lush vegetation
Windward
Side
Leeward
Side
http://www.outdoors.org/conservation/mountainwatch/images/mtweatherorogr.jpg