Transcript Thermal Energy notesx

THERMAL ENERGY
 Thermal Energy: is the total energy of
all the particles of an object.
 T.E. depends on the temperature of an
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object or liquid.
Temperature: is a measure of the average
energy of motion of the particles of a
substance.
Which particles move around faster?
L, S, G?
What is the source of all thermal energy?
The Sun’s energy is the
source of wind, air
currents and ocean
currents in the
Hydrologic Cycle.
 Thermal energy (heat) can cause
changes in density, pressure, and
composition of air and water.
 1. Density: the measure of how much
mass of a substance is in a given
volume.
 Compare the densities of oil and water?
 Water and sand?
 Air has density
 The density of air changes at different
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altitudes.
As altitude increases density goes
___________.
As altitude decrease density goes
___________.
WHY?
There are less air molecules per cubic foot.
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 As heat is added to air the molecules start moving
faster and farther apart.
 This causes the density to __________________
 Water has density too.
 As depth increases density
________________.
 As depth decreases density
________________.
 2. Pressure: the force pushing or pulling
on an object.
 What causes air or water to have pressure?
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GRAVITY
 Air pressure changes at different altitudes.
 As altitude increases pressure goes __________.
 As altitude decreases pressure goes _________.
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WHY?
 Because there are less air molecules for gravity
to pull on the pressure decrease as you go up.
 Does the pressure of water change as
the depth increase? How?
 Because every gallon of water has
weight, as depth increases there is more
weight, creating more pressure.
 Both global wind belts and local wind is
created by a difference in air pressure.
 Air always wants to go to a place of less
pressure.
 EX. A balloon
 Global winds blow from areas of high
pressure around the poles to areas of
low pressure around the Equator.
 EX. Jet Stream
 Ocean currents are caused mainly
by surface wind.
 They follow the major global wind
patterns.
 EX. Gulf Stream, North Atlantic Drift
 1. One partner hold balloon. Second
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partner draw a vertical line from the
top of the balloon to the bottom.
2. Describe the line.
3. This time, first partner should
rotate the balloon as the second
partner draws the vertical line.
4. Describe the line.
5. How does this relate to global
winds and currents?
Coriolis Effect
 Wind and water currents curve or
turn to the right (Clockwise) in the
Northern Hemisphere.
 (opposite in Southern Hemisphere)
 What causes Coriolis?
 Earth’s rotation
Wind, Water Currents and Climate
 Climate is determined by two things:
 Temperature and precipitation
 Global winds carry warm or cold air
masses that control an areas
temperature.
 The distance an area is from an ocean
also controls temperature.
 If you live close to a large body of water you
temperatures will be much more mild.
 Global winds will also control
precipitation by bring humid or
dry air masses.
 Humid air masses cause more
precipitation.
 Dry air masses cause less
precipitation.
clicker questions
As you go higher in the
atmosphere what happens to air
pressure?
A. It increases
B. It decreases
C. It doesn't change
D. I don’t Know
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B.
C.
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D.
As you go deeper into the ocean
what happens to pressure?
A. It increases
B. It decreases
C. It doesn't change
D. I don’t Know
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B.
C.
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D.
What is the chemical composition
of the atmosphere?
A. 71% N, 28% O, 1%
other gasses
B. 85% O, 15% N
C. 78% N, 21% O, 1%
other gasses
D. I don’t Know
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D.
_________ causes wind and water
to turn clockwise in the N.
Hemisphere.
A. Coriolis Effect
B. Salinity Effect
C. Gravity
D. I don’t know
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B.
C.
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The climate of an area is
determined by _________________
A. Temperature
B. Precipitation
C. Temperature and
precipitation
D. I don’t know
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B.
C.
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D.
The measure of the average energy
of motion of the particles of a
substance is:
A. Temperature
B. Thermal energy
C. Gravity
D. I don’t know
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A.
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B.
C.
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D.
As altitude increases, density
______________.
A. Stays the same
B. Goes down
C. Goes up
D. I don’t know
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A.
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B.
C.
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D.
Where is the greatest air
density?
A. At sea level
B. Solon
C. At the top of
Mt. Everst
D. I don’t know
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B.
C.
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What causes air pressure?
A. Temperature
B. Density
C. Gravity
D. I don’t know
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B.
C.
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D.
Global winds, such as the Jet
Stream, are caused by:
A. differences in air
pressure
B. Differences in
temperature
C. Differences in density
D. I really don’t know!
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C.
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D.
What causes ocean currents?
A. Salinity differences
B. Surface winds
C. The gulf Stream
D. I don’t know
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B.
C.
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D.
Completely describe how wind
and water currents can
determine climate.
A. This was very easy
B. This was OK
C. This was difficult
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C.