Transcript The Gulf Stream - cms16-17

Monday 10-27-14
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2. Update SN
3. Weather Notes
HW:
-Finish Quiz Corrections
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Turn in Late Reviews
Today's Goals
-Differentiate between climate and weather
-Use weather symbols to describe current
weather on a map.
-Use weather symbols to predict future
weather on a map.
What is the difference between
Climate & Weather?
• Climate is the longterm pattern of
weather in a
particular area
• Florida’s climate is warmer
and more humid than
Montana’s.
• Miami’s high for the day
is 70oF with Cloudy skies
• Weather is the
short-term (hourly)
changes in the
atmosphere
Humidity
• Humidity is the amount of moisture in the air.
Where in the water cycle is energy needed to increase humidity?
Energy is needed to evaporate
What do you know about the climates in these cities?
Seattle
San Francisco
Cities in these areas enjoy the same, stable climate
throughout the year. The water in the ocean helps
keep temperature stable & unchanging.
Maritime climates are
located on the coast
and experience small
changes in temperature.
San Diego
Houston
New
Orleans
Miami
The type of ocean surface current that passes by has a direct effect on the
climate and weather of the land nearby.
The Alaska
Current
The California Current
But cool surface currents
bring cooler, drier air to
the surrounding areas.
Warm surface currents
bring warmer, moister air
to the surrounding areas.
Warm water evaporates
faster than cold water
creating more humidity..
The Gulf Stream
SATELLITE THERMAL IMAGES
The cold California flows south
along the western U.S.
bringing dry, cooler
temperatures than normal for
that latitude .
The warm gulf stream flows
north along the eastern U.S.
bringing humid, warmer
temperatures than normal for
that latitude.
What do you know about summer and winter in these climates?
The farther you get away from the coast, the more
dramatic your weather changes throughout the year.
The Alaska Current
Continental climates are
located in the middle of a
continent and experience
BIG changes in
temperature.
Denver
Minneapolis
Summers can be very hot
and winters can be very
cold. Rainfall can vary
tremendously.
The California Current
Memphis
Dallas
The Gulf Stream
Pittsburgh
Pressure Systems
affect humidity in the air, but generally
not temperature.
On any weather forecast, you are going to see areas of
Low Pressure.
L
As the warm air rises, it
swirls counterclockwise
and pulls moist, humid air
up with it.
Low pressure areas form when
warmer air begins to rise high
up into the atmosphere….like a
hot air balloon.
L
Warm, humid air rises higher and higher,
L
At higher elevations it starts to cool…
… forming clouds and precipitation.
(L in Low is for Lousy weather.)
L
On any weather forecast, you are also going to see areas of High Pressure.
High pressure areas form
when cooler, denser air begins
to sink back down to the
Earth….like a leaf blower.
H
H
As the cool air sinks, it
swirls clockwise and blasts
cool, dry air back down on
the ground.
These high pressure areas usually bring dry , clear,
and sunny weather with them.
They are usually associated
with great weather. This is
really dry, cool air. And no
moisture means…
H
H
…no clouds or rain. Just
beautiful clear, sunny
days!
Pressure systems usually deal with the amount of moisture in the air,.
Big, dramatic changes in the air temperature come from moving fronts.
A front is the boundary, or
dividing line between two
different types of air masses.
Warm Fronts generally move from the Equator and
bring warmer, humid air with them.
The direction the half circles
are pointing tells you which
direction the front is moving.
As the front moves through, it drags the associated weather
with it into the area.
Cold Fronts generally move
from the Poles and bring
cooler, drier air with them.
The direction the triangles are
pointing tells you which
direction the front is moving.
If there is enough humidity in the air (evaporated water), you will usually
experience some rain and storms as the fronts move through the area.
Colder temperatures cause
evaporated water in the air to
condense into liquid water.
This can cause rain and storms
as the cold front moves in.
Sometimes when 2 air masses meet, neither one has enough pressure to push the
other one out of the way.
Stationary Fronts are fronts that
do not move much due to warm and
cold air masses that collide with
equal and opposite forces.
It is represented with
triangles on one side and
circles on the other.
Since the 2 fronts are
stationary, this causes the
rainy weather to last for a
while.
If the original warm front had a lot of
moisture in it when it collides with the
cold front, what type of weather would
result?
Rainy Weather! The cooler
temperatures in the cold front
will condense the moisture in
the warm front!
Occluded fronts are formed when a cold front overtakes a warm front it .
Because the cold front
overtakes the warm front there
is usually warm air caught
between 2 colder air masses.
Occluded fronts are associated
with cool temperatures and large
amounts of rain and snow
Occluded fronts have both
circles and triangles on the
front of the line since the cold
front overtook the warm front.
Now let’s look at some special weather situations.
L
Hurricanes are huge clouds.
What type of pressure system is
associated with cloudy weather?
L
Now let’s look at some special weather situations.
Hurricanes are massively huge low pressure
systems that develop throughout the summer and
fall in the warm tropical waters.
The specific heat of the water allows it to heat up
slowly and gain a lot of energy.
As it comes on land, the system dumps a ton of
rain, often flooding the area.
Hurricanes fall apart as they travel
over land because it doesn’t have
the warm ocean to feed it with
energy and water.
L
Normal Trade winds in Western Pacific blow East to West
along the equator.
Causes
-upwelling of cold, nutrient rich water
off the coast of South America
-Rain in Asia & Australia
-Dry conditions in Americas
El Nino results when trade winds decrease in strength & may
even reverse direction.
Causes :
-Droughts in Asia & Australia
-Floods in Americas
-Decrease in upwelling
La Nina occurs when trade winds blowing East to West are
stronger than normal
Causes :
-Floods in Asia & Australia
-Droughts in Americas
-Increase in upwelling
• Describe the weather at each number.
• Weather
Clear &
Sunny
Thunderstorms
Cloudy
Cool &
Clear
Click here to get the current weather outlook for the United States.
Current Weather Map
Let’s Review….
What is the name of the warm
water current that keeps the
Southeastern United States warm
and muggy throughout the year?
The Gulf Stream
Let’s Review….
How are Low Pressure systems
different from High Pressure
systems?
L
H
L
H
Let’s Review….
How are Cold Fronts different from
Warm Fronts?
Click here to get the current weather outlook for the United States.
So how does all of this affect us here in Frisco?
But, its usually so dang hot around here that
it is not cool enough for the humidity in the
air to condense into rain. So we stay hot and
dry…but miserably humid.
During the summer and
fall, warm humid air from
the Gulf Of Mexico
streams up from the
South.
What about those crazy Frisco winters?
During the spring and winter, cold
fronts from the North and West
provide the chilly temperatures
needed to condense our humid air.
So we end up with a lot more rain…and
sometimes ice and snow.
Let’s Review….
What is the name of the warm
water current that keeps the
Southeastern United States warm
and muggy throughout the year?
How are Rain Shadows formed?
The moist, humid air coming off the ocean just
can’t make it over the tall mountains. So it
constantly pours on one side and stays dry on the
other.
The Gulf Stream
Now let’s look at some special weather situations.
Rain Shadows are dry areas of land
that receive little rainfall on the
leeward side of mountains…
The moist, humid air coming off the ocean just
can’t make it over the tall mountains. So it
constantly pours on the windward side and stays
dry on the other.
Phoenix and Seattle are good examples. What do
we know about the rainfall in these places?
…while the side of the mountains
closest to the ocean (windward
side) are drenched in rain.
windward
rainy
leeward
Dry
Rain SHADOW