Transcript Atmosphere - Study Guidex

THE SUN'S ENERGY AFFECTS
EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE BY
HEATING EARTH'S SURFACE,
CAUSING DIFFERENCES IN
AIR PRESSURE THAT RESULT
IN WINDS.
WHICH GAS FORMS LESS THAN ONE
PERCENT OF THE ATMOSPHERE, BUT IS
ESSENTIAL TO LIFE?
A. carbon dioxide
WEATHER OCCURS IN EARTH'S
TROPOSPHERE, WHICH IS
the layer of the atmosphere closest to Earth's surface.
WHY IS IT DIFFICULT TO INCLUDE WATER VAPOR
IN A GRAPH OF THE PERCENTAGES OF VARIOUS
GASES IN THE ATMOSPHERE? HOW COULD YOU
SOLVE THE PROBLEM?
The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere varies by both place and
time; by adding time and place as variables.
WHEN DENSITY INCREASES, THE NUMBER OF
MOLECULES IN A VOLUME
A. increases
ONE FORCE AFFECTING AN OBJECT IS AIR
PRESSURE, WHICH IS
the force pushing on an area or surface.
WHY CAN AN ANEROID BAROMETER
MEASURE ELEVATION AS WELL AS
PRESSURE?
Air pressure decreases with altitude.
THE LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE ARE
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO CHANGES IN
D. temperature
LIST THE LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE IN
ORDER, MOVING FROM THE EARTH'S
SURFACE.
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
THE OZONE LAYER IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE
it protects Earth from ultraviolet radiation.
WHY ARE CLOUDS AT THE TOP OF THE
TROPOSPHERE MADE OF ICE CRYSTALS
RATHER THAN DROPS OF WATER?
Temperatures are very cold, around –60 degrees Celsius.
HOW ARE THE UPPER AND LOWER PARTS OF
THE STRATOSPHERE DIFFERENT?
The upper part is warmer than the lower part. A layer of ozone is between
the two. This layer absorbs UV radiation.
THE TABLE SHOWS THE TEMPERATURE AT VARIOUS
ALTITUDES ABOVE OMAHA, NEBRASKA, ON A
JANUARY DAY. SUPPOSE AN AIRPLANE WAS 6.8
KILOMETERS ABOVE OMAHA. WHAT IS THE
APPROXIMATE TEMPERATURE AT THIS HEIGHT?
-36 degrees Celsius
HOW DOES MOST OF THE ENERGY FROM
THE SUN TRAVEL TO EARTH'S SURFACE?
C. radiation
WHAT ARE THREE FORMS OF RADIATION
THAT COME FROM THE SUN?
Ultraviolet, infrared, and visible
WHY DO PEOPLE NEED TO WEAR
SUNSCREEN AT THE BEACH?
People need to use sunscreen to protect themselves from ultraviolet
radiation, which can cause sunburn.
WHAT IS THE MAIN WAY HEAT IS
TRANSFERRED IN THE TROPOSPHERE?
D. convection currents
A PAIL OF LAKE WATER IS THE SAME
TEMPERATURE AS A LAKE. COMPARE THE
THERMAL ENERGY OF THE PAIL OF WATER
WITH THE THERMAL ENERGY OF THE LAKE.
The water in the lake has more thermal energy because it has many more
particles than the water in the pail.
THE CALM AREAS NEAR THE EQUATOR
WHERE WARM AIR RISES ARE
C. doldrums
NIGHTS OFTEN FEATURE LAND BREEZES,
WHICH BLOW
cool air out to sea.
HOW DOES THE MOVEMENT OF HOT AIR AT
THE EQUATOR AND COLD AIR AT THE POLES
PRODUCE GLOBAL WIND PATTERNS?
Warm air rises at the equator and flows toward the poles. Cold air sinks at
the poles and spreads toward the equator. These movements create
global winds.
IMAGINE YOU ARE SAILING AROUND THE
WORLD. WHAT WINDS WOULD YOU EXPECT TO
FIND ON DIFFERENT PARTS OF YOUR
ROUTE? EXPLAIN THE ROLE OF THE SUN'S
ENERGY IN CREATING THOSE WINDS.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DETERMINES
THE MOVEMENT OF GLOBAL WINDS?
D. convection currents in the atmosphere and the Coriolis effect
WHAT IS THE MOST ABUNDANT GAS IN THE
ATMOSPHERE?
D. nitrogen
WHAT HAPPENS TO AIR WITH INCREASED
ALTITUDE?
B. pressure decreases
WHICH LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE
PROTECTS EARTH FROM METEOROIDS?
A. mesosphere
UNEVEN HEATING OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE
CAUSES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?
D. local and global winds
DESCRIBE THE PROCESS THAT RESULTS IN THE
GREENHOUSE EFFECT. HOW DOES IT
AFFECT EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE?
Energy from the sun travels to Earth. Much of that energy is radiated back
into the atmosphere as infrared radiation. A lot of that radiated energy is
absorbed by gases in the air, thus heating them. These gases hold heat in
Earth's atmosphere, warming it like that air in a greenhouse.