Transcript Water cycle
Water cycle Continuous movement of water between earth’s surface and the air changing form liquid to gas back to liquid. Evaporation Slow changing from a liquid to a gas condensation Changing a gas into a liquid precipitation Water particles that falls from the atmosphere and reaches the ground. groundwater Precipitation that seeps into the ground and is stored in the soil and rocks. Runoff Precipitation that flows across the land’s surface or falls into rivers and streams. transpiration Loss of water through plant leaves Abiotic factors Non-living parts of an ecosystem Biotic factors The living things or once-living organisms in an ecosystem Qualitative data An object’s color, texture, smell, taste, size, or appearance Quantitative data An object’s temperature, weight, or mass (number). matter Any substance that takes up space and has mass solid A type of matter that has a specific shape, is 3 dimensional, and is usually firm liquid Matter that is wet, can be poured, and takes the shape of its container gas Matter that spreads to fill all empty spaces and can be invisible (like air) Thermal energy Heating of any form of matter. Travels from hot to cold. conduction Transfer of thermal energy between things that are touching (handle on a pot) convection Movement of thermal energy in gases or liquids and effects the weather and climate radiation Movement of thermal energy through electromagnetic waves. The sun is the main source. Electromagnetic waves Carries energy from one place to another (sun, radio, tv, or microwave) wavelength Distance between one wave crest to the next Convection cell Pattern of air rising and sinking as the atmosphere is heated and cooled atmosphere Blanket of gases that surrounds and protects the earth troposphere Layer of the atmosphere closest to the earth. Where weather occurs and living things are found barometer Weather instrument that measures air pressure Air pressure Force in a given area caused by the weight of the air above it Low pressure Brings clouds and rain wind Air that moves horizontally High pressure Clear skies Wind speed How fast the air is moving Wind direction The direction the wind is coming from Wind vane or weather vane A weather tool that tells the direction the wind is coming from anemometer Measures wind speed temperature A measurement of coldness or hotness thermometer An instrument used to measure temperature Rain gauge An instrument used to measure rainfall Jet stream Fast moving band of wind in the upper troposphere that moves weather patterns in North America west to east. hemisphere The top half (Northern hemisphere) or the bottom half of the earth (Southern hemisphere). latitude Imaginary lines that run horizontal across the earth. Water currents Major movements of water in the oceans. Gulf stream Warm water current in the Atlantic ocean that moves from the tip of Florida up the east coast and then towards Africa. El Nino About every 5 years in the Pacific it brings warm and wet weather La Nina About every 5 years in the Pacific it brings cold and dry weather. Cirrus clouds Highest cloud. Made of ice crystals. They are thin and wispy and do not bring precipitation. Cumulous clouds Low to mid level clouds that are puffy and white with a flat bottom. They usually do not bring precipitation. Cumulonimbus clouds Storm clouds that are tall and have a flat top. Stratus clouds Low level clouds that are gray and cover the sky like a blanket. They bring rain showers. Trade winds Band of winds near the equator that moves form high to low pressure. Prevailing Westerlies A band of winds that blow from west to east across the United States. They are constantly changing and bring story weather. Polar Easterlies A band of winds that blow east to west across the north and south poles. Air mass A pocket of air that has the same temperature and moisture level humidity The amount of water vapor in the air Water vapor Water in the form of an invisible gas Cold front When cold air moves in and pushes warm air up. They move quickly and bring stormy weather. After the storm passes, the weather is cool and dry. Warm front When warm air moves in and pushes the cold air down. It moves slowly and bring light snow or rain showers. After it passes, the weather is warm and humid. Stationary front When a cold air mass and a warm air mass collide and do not move causing constant precipitation. After it moves out, the precipitation continues. Occluded front Forms when warm air is trapped between two cold air masses causing mild precipitation. After it moves out, the weather becomes fair and cool. Rain-shadow effect The dry area on a mountain that faces away from the wind and does not receive precipitation. isobar A line drawn on a weather map to show the air pressure for a given area. Sea breeze Wind that blows that the sea to the land during the day Land breeze Wind that blows from the land to the sea at night weather The conditions or state of the atmosphere at a given place and time climate The average weather pattern of a region over a long period of time Single cell One celled organisms in which all life processes occur inside one cell like amoeba, bacteria, and protozoa. Multi- cellular Organisms that are made up more than one cell like plants and animals. The cells work together to help the organism grow, reproduce, and take in nutrients. organism Any form that can grow, reproduce, and take in nutrients. Can be single or multi-cellular. Circulatory system Contains the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Circulates blood throughout the body and delivers nutrients to the cells and removes the waste products. Respiratory system Nose, trachea, and lungs. Used for breathing by taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. Skeletal system Provides support, protection, and movement to the body. It makes blood cells inside the marrow. Muscular system Organs that create movement Digestive system Breaks down and digests our food so that the body can absorb the nutrients, through the bloodstream, for energy. Nervous system The control center for physical and mental activities performed by the body. Ecosystem Living and non-living things in an environment and how they interact. Population All of the members of a species in an area Community The interaction f all the living things in an area Terrestrial A land-based type of ecosystem Aquatic Water based type of ecosystem that includes both fresh an d salt water environments. Estuary A place where fresh and saltwater meet in a coastal area; the fresh water automatically becomes salty. Salt marsh An area of coastal wetlands where an estuary or river meets the sea. They have a rich marine life and are brown, gray, and green. Fertile Produces abundant vegetation crops and has rich nutrients that supports the plant life Species A group of living organisms that are similar Biome One of the Earth’s largest ecosystems with its own kind of climate, soil, and animals. Tundra, Deciduous Forest, Grasslands, Tropical Rainforest, Desert, Taiga, Estuary, Marine, and Freshwater Deciduous forest A biome that has many trees that lose their leaves each fall. It has four seasons. The word deciduous means decay. Tropical rainforest Hot biome near the equator with heavy rainfall and a wide variety of animal and plant life. Grasslands A biome where grasses are the main plant life. Ocean Largest bodies of water that are saltwater and contain a variety of aquatic life. The oceans are divided by the continents. Lakes/ponds Smaller bodies of water that are freshwater. Continental shelf The edge of a continent under the ocean water. Starts at the coastline to a drop off point under the water. Plankton Tiny organisms including algae and protozoa that float and drift in fresh and salt water at or near the surface of the water. Food chain Path of energy from one organism to another. This path of energy goes from producers to consumers to decomposers. Food web Overlapping food chains in an ecosystem. Energy pyramid Shows the flow of energy in an ecosystem. Producers are on the bottom and consumers are on the top. Producers Any of the plants and algae that produce oxygen and food that animals need. Consumers Organisms that cannot produce their own food and consume other organisms. Decomposers Fungi and bacteria that breakdown plants and animals into nutrients for the soil. Photosynthesis Process in green plants and certain organisms carbohydrates are formed from water and carbon dioxide through the use of sunlight as an energy source. Interconnected Organisms that are connected to one another in the ecosystem. Their relationship impacts another population in an ecosystem. Symbiosis A mutually beneficial relationship between two organisms in an ecosystem. Mutualism Relationship where two or more organisms benefit without any of them being harmed (bees/flowers, plover bird/crocodile) Commensalism Relationship bewteen 2 living organisms where one benefits and the other is not significantly helped or harmed (birds living in trees, orchids growing on trees) Parasitism A relationship in which one organism is benefited but the other is harmed (ticks/dogs, mistletoe/trees, mosquitoes/animals) Salinity Degree of saltiness in a body of water Algae Simple rootless plants that grow in sunlit waters. Amphibian An animal that can live on the land and in the water. Cold-blooded and have smooth skin. (Frogs and salamanders) Inherited traits Traits that are passed down to an offspring by either f its parents through genes. Offspring The descendants born from a person or animal. Genetics Study of heredity and the variation of inherited characterisitcs. Characteristics A feature or quality belonging typically to a person, place, or thing. Culture Pattern of behavior that includes thoughts, speech, and actions for learning for generations. Beliefs, race, or religion. Force A push or pull on an object Inertia The way an object resists change in motion. An object at rest stays at rest, an object in motion stays in motion until a force is acted upon it. Newton’s First Law. Friction A force that acts on a moving object in the opposite direction. It usually slows the object down. Gravity A forced of attraction between objects due to their weight. Mass The amount of matter in an object. Momentum Mass and velocity together. A heavy truck has more momentum and is harder to stop. Motion Movement or changing of an object’s position Speed Distance traveled divided by the time Time How long an activity takes place from start to finish. Graph A diagram showing the relationship between 2 variables suing an x and y axis.