Transcript Earth: The Blue Planet

Lesson 4.2
1. What are the three basic states of matter?
The three basic states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
Microscopic view of a solid.
Microscopic view of a liquid
.Microscopic view of a gas.
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2. Is “heat added” or is “heat removed” in each of these
changes of state:
Solid to liquid?
Heat is added.
Liquid to gas?
Heat is added.
Gas to liquid?
Heat is removed.
Liquid to solid?
Heat is removed.
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3. What is condensation?
Condensation is the process of water vapor cooling off to
the point that it turns into liquid water.
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4.) What causes air to move (wind)?
Air is made of tiny particles of gases. As they are heated,
they move faster and farther apart, thus taking up more
space. Cold air is more dense than warm air and therefore
has more air particles in it. Cold air sinks while warm air
rises, thus, creating wind.
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5. What is a sea breeze? What causes it?
A sea breeze refers to a breeze that comes from the
sea. It is caused by the colder air over a body of
water moving on to the land as the warm air over
the land is rising up as it is lighter than the dense
colder air.
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6. What is a land breeze? What causes it?
A land breeze is a breeze that is coming from the land. The
colder air over the land moves over to the sea as the lighter,
warmer air over the sea rises up as it is lighter than the cooler,
dense air.
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7. What are cirrus clouds?
Cirrus clouds form high in the sky and are usually made
of ice crystals. They tend to be wispy and featherlike
with fuzzy edges.
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8. What are cumulus clouds?
Cumulus clouds tend to be lower than cirrus clouds.
They are puffy clouds that appear to rise up from a
flat bottom. They are made of water droplets and
have sharp, well-defined edges.
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9. What are stratus clouds?
Stratus clouds form at low altitudes and form in
blanket-like layers.
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10. What is fog?
Fog is a cloud that forms close to the ground.
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Precipitation is water that falls from the air to the ground as
rain, sleet, hail, or snow.
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12. Under what conditions does precipitation fall as
rain?
Rain falls when clouds become heavy enough that winds
cannot keep the water drops up in the air. They will fall as
rain when the air is warmer than freezing.
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When raindrops fall through a layer of very cold air,
they freeze, changing into tiny bits of ice called
sleet. Sleet only reaches the ground if there is cold
air all the way to the ground.
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Hail forms when drops of water in a cloud collide
with bits of ice, forming a hailstone. Upward
moving winds keep the hailstone in the cloud,
causing the hailstone to grow larger. Eventually the
pull of gravity exceeds the upward wind, causing
the hail to fall to Earth.
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Snowflakes form when the temperature is so cold
that water vapor turns directly into a solid called a
crystal. A crystal is a solid that has a repeating
pattern in its shape.
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16. Describe the water cycle.
The water cycle is the continuous movement of water
between Earth’s surface and the air as it changes from
liquid to gas to solid to liquid. This cycle includes the
processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation,
runoff, and groundwater. Water on Earth is never lost.
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