Transcript Week 5 Climate

Earth-Sun Relationships
Climate and Weather
• Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a
specific time.
• Climate refers to the average weather conditions
over many years.
• Earth’s tilt on its axis in relation to the sun affects
temperatures from day to night.
• The rotation of Earth around the sun takes one
year; this revolution affects temperatures from
season to season.
Earth's Seasons Interactive
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• Earth’s axis is tilted so not all places on
Earth get the same amount of direct
sunlight at the same time.
• Different parts of Earth have different
climates because they receive different
amounts of sunlight from the sun.
• Earth rotates on its axis causing day and
night.
• As Earth rotates, the side of Earth that
faces the sun during the day is usually
warmer.
• Earth revolves around the sun causing the
changing season of the year.
• The half of Earth, or hemisphere, that is
tilted toward the sun experiences summer
while the other half that is tilted away from
the sun experiences winter.
• The sun’s radiation hits Earth’s surface,
and Earth’s atmosphere acts like a
greenhouse.
• Earth’s surface is warmed allowing life as
we know it to exist.
Earth-Sun Relationship
Effect on Climate
Earth’s axis is tilted so not all places on
Different parts of Earth have different
Earth get the same amount of direct sunlight climates because they receive different
at the same time.
amounts of ___________________from the
sun.
Earth rotates on its axis causing day and
night.
As Earth rotates, the side of Earth that faces
the sun during the day is usually
_____________________.
Earth revolves around the sun causing the
changing season of the year.
The half of Earth, or hemisphere, that is tilted
toward the sun experiences
________________ while the other half that
is tilted away from the sun experiences
__________________.
The sun’s radiation hits Earth’s surface, and
Earth’s atmosphere acts like a greenhouse.
Earth’s surface is _____________________
allowing life as we know it to exist.
Earth-Sun Relationships
The Greenhouse Effect
• The greenhouse effect allows trapped
atmospheric gases to radiate heat that warms
the Earth.
• Under normal conditions, the atmosphere
naturally provides enough insulation to promote
life on Earth.
• The radiation the Earth receives from the sun
must equally balance with the heat radiated
back into space to avoid temperature extremes
in order to support life.
Greenhouse effect
Factors Affecting Climate
Latitude, Climate, and Elevation
• Earth’s rotation around the sun creates
predictable climate patterns that correspond
with latitude zones.
• The low latitudes include the area between the
Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, including the
Equator; all receive nearly direct sunlight and
have warm to hot climates.
• The high latitudes include the polar zones, which
generally have very cold climates.
• The midlatitude zones between 30° and 60°
experience variable weather with generally
temperate climates.
• Elevation influences climate at all latitudes.
Latitude
Landforms
Elevation
What
determines
the climate
of a
location.
Ocean Currents
Wind Patterns
Latitude
•
•
•
•
•
•
Low latitude near the equator
Direct rays from the sun
Warm to hot
High latitude near poles
Indirect rays from sun
Cool to cold
Elevation
• Height above sea level
• Higher elevation = colder temperatures
Wind Patterns
• Warm tropical air moves towards poles
• Cool polar air moves toward equator
• Global winds
Ocean Currents
• Cold ocean currents cool lands they pass
• Warm ocean currents bring warmer
temps.
Landforms
• Large bodies of water keep temps
moderate
• Rain shadow effect causes dry areas
(even deserts) to develop on the sides of
mountains not facing the wind
Factors Affecting Climate
Winds and Ocean Currents
• Winds occur when sunlight heats Earth’s
atmosphere and surface unevenly; wind
movement is critical for distributing the sun’s
energy around the planet.
• Ocean currents also distribute energy; cold
ocean currents circulate cold water into warmer
water and warm currents move away from the
Equator flowing into cooler water.
• Wind and water work together to affect weather,
creating precipitation that both affects and is
affected by temperature.
Wind and Ocean
Currents
Winds happen
because:
Warm water moves:
Cold water moves
slowly from:
These are called warm
water currents because:
These are called cold
ocean currents because:
Factors Affecting Climate
Landforms and Climate
•
Climates are affected by the presence or
absence of certain physical features, such as
mountains or large bodies of water.
•
Large bodies of water are slower to heat and
cool, so they help keep temperatures around
them moderate.
•
Mountain ranges push air upward on the
windward side, which cools and releases
precipitation. After the precipitation is released,
the air becomes warm and dry as it moves down
the leeward side, resulting in a process that
produces hot, dry areas with little precipitation
called the rain shadow effect.
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