Transcript Slide 1 - Red Hook Central Schools

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Atmosphere
Storms
Weather
Climate
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Prediction
 In which layer of the atmosphere does most
of our daily weather take place?
 Troposphere
 What causes the absorption of ultraviolet
light in the stratosphere?
 Ozone
O3
 What happens to the temperature of air as it
rises up from the ground?
 Explain why!
 Air cools as it rises (adiabatic cooling)
because the gas expands due to decreasing
atmospheric pressure
 Does humid air have a greater or lesser
density than dry air?
 Explain why!
 Humid air is less dense, because the water
molecule has less mass than the Nitrogen
molecule, which makes up most of dry air.
 Name 3 greenhouse gases, and explain the
greenhouse effect.
 Carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, are
all greenhouse gases
 Short wavelength UV light is absorbed by
the Earth and re-radiated back to space as
long wavelength UV. These long
wavelengths are absorbed by greenhouses
gases, “trapping” the heat in the
atmosphere.
 Where do Hurricanes get their energy?
 The sun’s energy evaporates sea water into
the air. The condensation of millions of
gallons of this water in the atmosphere (as
clouds) releases huge amounts of energy,
which give hurricanes their power.
 Give two other names for hurricanes.
 Cyclone, typhoon, willi willi
 What direction do all low pressure system
storms spin in the northern hemisphere?
 Counterclockwise and towards the center
 Why does a tornado funnel cloud “vacuum”
up materials from Earth?
 Tornadoes vacuum up materials because of
the extremely low pressure in the center of
the funnel.
 For a thunder storm:
a) give the name of the cloud type
associated with thunder storms
b) describe how a thundercloud forms
c) What type of fronts are thunderstorms
often associated with?
 A) cumulonimbus cloud
 B) hot spots or uplifting of warm air by fronts
causes condensation of water droplets in
the form of tall thunderheads
 C) Thunderstorms often form when a cold
front pushes warm air up
 As air temperature increases, what
happens to air pressure?
 Warm air is less dense, so warm air has
lower air pressure. Cold air is more dense,
so cold air has higher pressure
 Simple barometers can be used to predict
the weather. What type of weather is
coming if the barometer indicates falling air
pressure?
 Falling barometer (decreasing air pressure),
means a low pressure system is coming.
Low pressure systems are associated with
stormy weather.
 In what type of storm have the highest wind
velocities been measured?
 How high can the wind speed get in such a
storm?
 Tornadoes have the highest wind speeds,
up to 350 mph.
 Name the 5 different types of precipitation.
 Explain how they are all different from each
other.
 Rain, snow, sleet, freezing rain, hail
 Rain is liquid water drops, snow is ice crystals
formed in the atmosphere, sleet is rain drops that
falls through a cold air layer and freezes into ice
drops, freezing rain is rain the lands on a cold
surface and freezes into ice on the surface, hail is
large balls of ice that form in thunder clouds from
repeated melting and refreezing in strong updrafts
in the cloud.
 Air with a temperature of 60 degrees F and
a relative humidity of 51% is warmed to a
temperature of 71 degrees F, but the
relative humidity is still 51%. How did the
moisture content of the air change?
 Since warm air can hold more moisture, the
71 F air must have a higher moisture
content at 51% relative humidity than 60 F
air at 51% relative humidity.
• How does elevation affect climate?
• The higher the elevation, the cooler the
climate
• City A and City B are at the same latitude
and elevation, but City A is near the ocean
and City B is inland. Describe how the
climates of these two cities are different.
• Large bodies of water moderate the
climate: so at City A near the coast,
winters are milder, summers are not as
hot. At City B inland, winters are colder
and summers are hotter.
• List the 6 major factors that influence
climate
• Latitude, elevation, proximity to large
bodies of water, ocean currents, prevailing
winds, mountain barriers
• City X and City Y are both at the same
elevation and latitude, but are separated
by a mountain range. City X has a hot dry
climate, and City Y has a cool humid
climate. Explain this difference in climate
between the two cities.
• Mountain ranges intercept the prevailing winds,
causing the air to rise over the mountains. Rising
air expands and cools, causing condensation
and dropping rain on the windward side of the
mountain (City Y). As the air goes over the
mountain and down the other side, it sinks and
warms, causing arid conditions on the leeward
side (City X)
• Describe and explain the climates at the
following latitudes:
equator
30 degrees N or S
60 degrees N or S
the poles
• Equator: rising air, wet (tropical rainforest)
• 30 degrees: sinking air, dry (desert)
• 60 degrees: rising air, wet and cool
(temperate)
• Poles: sinking air, dry and cold (polar)
 List the 4 factors that affect evaporation
rates
 explain how they affect evaporation
 Temperature: higher = faster evaporation
 Surface area: more surface area = faster
evaporation
 Humidity: dry air = faster evaporation
 Wind: more wind = faster evaporation
What is “wind” and what causes it?
Wind in the movement of air molecules
from an area of high atmospheric
pressure to areas of lower atmospheric
pressure.
 What device is used to measure relative
humidity in the air?
 A dry bulb reads 4 degrees C and a wet
bulb reads -2 degrees C. What is the
relative humidity?


sling psychrometer
14%
 What is the definition of dew point?
 Dry bulb reads 8 degrees C and wet bulb
reads 6 degrees C. What is the dew
point?
 Dew point is the temperature at which
water vapor condenses out of the air,
forming liquid water (dew) on surfaces.
 Dew Point is 3 degrees C
List and describe the 5 different types of air
masses and where they form.
 Continental arctic cA: very cold and dry, forms
over land in arctic
 Continental Polar cP: cool to cold and dry,
forms over land in northern latitudes
 Continental tropical cT: hot and dry, forms over
land near equator
 Maritime Polar mP: cold and wet, forms over
ocean at high latitudes
 Maritime tropical mT: warm and wet, forms
over ocean near equator
End of game!