Transcript Presentation Climate and Weather

TELEMATIC
TEACHING
PROJECT
Climate and Weather
[email protected]
GLOBAL AIR
CIRCULATION
•High and Low
pressures
•Circulation patterns
HIGH AND LOW PRESSURES
GLOBAL AIR CIRCULATION PATTERN
•Warm & cold
air meet
•LOW PRES
•Very cold
•Decending air
•HIGH PRES
Polar high
Western
winds
Tropical
easterlies
•Very hot
•Ascending air
•LOW PRES
Tropical
easterlies
Western
winds
Polar high
Winds deflect to the RIGHT in NH and to the LEFT in SH
•Air from
Equator sinks
•HIGH PRES
MID LATTITUDE
CYCLONES
•Cold & warm fronts
•Stages
•Weather changes
MID LATTITUDE CYCLONES: CONCEPTS
WARM FRONT
COLD FRONT
MIDLATTITUDE CYCLONE: DEVELOPMENT
1 INITIAL STAGE
2 DEVELOPMENT STAGE
3 MATURE STAGE
4 OCCLUSION
FAMILY OF CYCLONES
MID-LATTITUDE CYCLONE
Cold
front
Isobar
Warm
sector
L
Cold
sector
Wind
rotation
clockwise
WEATHER CHANGES COLD FRONT
Cold front
NW Wind
SW Wind
Warm front
WEATHER CHANGES: COLD FRONT
Movement of cyclone
•SW-wind
•Low temp
•High cloud cover
•Precipitation
•LP
•NW-wind
•High temp
•Few/no clouds
•No precipitation
•HP
LP
TROPICAL
CYCLONES
•Characteristics
•Stages
•How managed
TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL
CYCLONES
CHARACTERISTICS
Equator/Ewenaar
From EAST to WEST
EYE
No wind, rain
& Clouds
DESTRUCTION
•Storm winds
•Torrential rain
•Flooding
Turns EAST at 30°
DISSIPATES
•No Moisture
•No warm air
•Friction
TROPICAL CYCLONE: DEVELOPMENT
INITIAL
pressure
ABOVE
1000 hPa
MATURE
pressure
WELL
BELOW
1 000hPa
IMMATURE
Pressure
BELOW
1 000 hPa
DISSIPATION
pressure
RISES
TROPICALCYCLONE - MANAGEMENT
TROPICAL CYCLONES
NAME
Alphabet
Andrew
Bonny
Carl
Debora
IN EYE
No :
Wind
Clouds
Rain
ORIGEN
In tropics
OCEANS
Not nearer
than 5° from
equator
WEATHER
Before eye
During eye
After eye
MOVEMENT
From E na W
Away from
Equator
Turns east
at 30°
DESTRUCTION
Storm winds
Very hard
rain
Flooding
DISSIPATION
Over land
No Moisture
No Warm air
Friction
MANAGED
Sand bags
Early warning
Track storm
Services
Inform people
Evacuation
EXAMINATION QUESTION
•Coriolis force
•Warm water
•Moisture
Tropical
easterlies
•Land
•No warm water
•Friction
1
2
3
4
5
Give ONE similarity between Hurricanes and Tropical cyclones on the map.
Explain the point of origin of both hurricanes and tropical cyclones on the map.
Why do these cyclones move from east to west?
Why do tropical cyclones weaken as they move over Madagascar.
Why is the impact of tropical cyclones more severe in developing countries?
REGIONAL
CLIMATE
•Line thunderstorms
•Berg winds
LINE THUNDERSTORMS
WARM
MOIST
AIR
COLD
DRY
AIR
H
H
HEIGHT OF INVERSION
SOUTH AFRICAN BERGWIND
Anti clockwise
circulation
High pressure
in interior
H
Descending
air heated
Danger:
Veldfires
Warm dry wind at coast
Low pressure
L over sea
EXAMINATION QUESTION
DRY – FROM INTERIOR
1
2
3
4
5
6
WARM &
DRY
Name the high pressure cell visible on the diagram.
During what season do berg winds affect the weather of South Africa?
How does the wind in the diagram affect the weather along the coast of SA?
Explain why these weather conditions mentioned in question 3 occur.
Name the environmental hazard associated with berg wind conditions.
How are berg winds terminated (ended)?
VALLEY
CLIMATES
•Aspect
•Inversions
VALLEY CLIMATES ASPECT (SH)
S
O
U
T
H
WARMER
NO SNOW
SNOW
COLDER
N
O
R
T
H
INVERSIONS
INSOLATION
Radiation faster if no clouds
During day – land
heated
In night surface
cools off
WARM AIR
POLUTED AIR
TRAPPED
Air close to surfacecooler
Cold air
decends
URBAN
CLIMATES
•Characteristics of
urban climate
•Heat Islands
CHARACTERISTICS OF CITY CLIMATES
Why are cities warmer than rural areas?
BUILDINGS
EXAMINATION QUESTION
1
2
3
4
What is a heat island?
Which part of the city is experiencing the highest temperature?
How have peoples lives been changed by heat islands.
Whet can be done to reduce high temperatures in cities?
SYNOPTIC
WEATHER
MAPS
•Station models
•Interpretation
WEATHER STATION MODEL
WIND
DIRECTION
TEMPERATURE
20
N
W

18
E
S
DEW POINT
TEMPERATURE
WIND SPEED
10 Knots
15 Knots
5 Knots
SYNOPTIC WEATHER MAPS
TRANSITIONAL PAGE
TRANSITIONAL PAGE