Transcript Air Pressure Systems

TEK 8.10
Earth and Space
The student knows that climatic
interactions exist among Earth,
ocean, and weather systems.
Vocabulary
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Gulf Stream
Front
Convection current
Weather
Climate
Land breeze
7. Sea breeze
8. El Nino
9. High pressure system
10. Low pressure system
11. Air mass
12. Density
Quiz #3
1. The conditions of the atmosphere at a particular
time.
2. A large body of air that has a certain temperature
and amount of moisture.
3. A wind from the sea that develops over land near
coasts caused by the difference in temperatures of
land and the ocean.
4. An area of relative pressure maximum that has
diverging winds and a rotation opposite to the
earth's rotation.
5. The leading edge of an air masses
Bonus
A powerful, warm, and swift Atlantic ocean
current that originates at the tip of Florida, and
follows the eastern coastlines of the United
States and Newfoundland before crossing the
Atlantic Ocean
8.10 Student Expectations
A) Recognize that the Sun provides the energy that
drives convection within the atmosphere and
oceans, producing winds and ocean currents.
B) Identify how global patterns of atmospheric
movement influence local weather using weather
maps that show high and low pressures and
fronts.
C) Identify the role of the oceans in the formation
of weather systems such as hurricanes.
Weather
It describes the condition of the air at a
particular time and place. Weather also tells
how the air moves (wind) and describes
anything it might be carrying such as rain,
snow or clouds. Thunder, lightning, rainbows,
haze and other special events are all part of
weather.
Climate
It describes the average weather conditions in a
certain place or during a certain season.
Weather may change from day to day, but
climate changes only over hundreds or
thousands of years. Many animals and plants
need one kind of climate to survive. Dolphins
and palm trees can live only in a warm climate,
while polar bears and spruce trees need a cold
climate.
Air Masses
-a large body of air that has a certain temperature
and amount of moisture.
-2 main types of air masses
1. Maritime
2. Continental
Maritime Air Mass
-air mass formed over an ocean
Maritime Tropical
Maritime Polar
 Forms over the ocean
near the equator
 Made of warm, moist
air.
 Forms over the ocean
north of the U.S.
 Made of cool, moist air
Continental Air Mass
-air masses formed over land
Continental Tropical
 made of hot dry air
 forms over Mexico
 moves north in the
summer
Continental Polar aka
Continental Artic
 made of cold, dry air
 Forms in Canada
 Moves south into the
United States in the
winter
Maritime
Polar Air Mass
Continental
Polar Air Mass
description
description
Maritime
Tropical Air
Mass
Continental
Tropical Air
Mass
Air Masses
-20 for
no color
description
description
12-100
11-92
10-83
9-75
8-67
7-58
6-50
5-42
4-33
3-25
2-17
1-8
Pre-AP
Describe the 4 Air Masses including
• -the location/origination of the air mass
• -temperature type and moisture levels
• -direction in which the air masses travel
(Convection)
• -Draw a picture of the north American
continent and identify/label where each type
of these air masses are formed
Air Mass/Fronts Quiz
1. An air mass that forms over the Northern
Atlantic Ocean with cold and moist air.
2. An air mass that originates over Mexico with
warm, dry air.
3.
4.
5.
6. What type of front?
7. What type of front?
8. What type of weather is associated with warm
fronts?
Stormy or Light Showers
9. What type of weather is associated with cold fronts?
Stormy or Light Showers
10. Why does warm air rise and cold air sink?
Bonus
If you are traveling at 20 m/s, how long would it
take you to travel 100 m?
Air Mass Quiz
1. The condition of the air around us.
2. An air mass that originates over Mexico with
warm, dry air.
3.
4.
5.
PAP Quiz #2
1. A large body of air that has a certain
temperature and amount of moisture.
2.-5. Identify each air mass & describe the
temperature and amount of moisture of each.
3.
2.
4.
Bonus
While in college, Mr. McDonald drove an
unreliable Isuzu pickup truck. It was a common
occurrence for the truck to die at stoplights. If
the car stalled 100 meters from a parking and if
the truck had a mass of 1,400 kg and if Mr.
McDonald accelerated the truck 2 m/s2 , how
much work would Mr. McDonald have done to
move the truck? (Units are Joules (J).)
Weather Fronts
-an area where two masses with different
temperatures and different densities collide,
but do not mix.
types of fronts
1. Cold Front
2. Warm Front
Cold Front
-the leading edge of a cooler mass of air, replacing
(at ground level) a warmer mass of air.
-Cool air mass is more dense (more mass in given
space)
-moves under warm, less dense, air (less dense) as
it rises and creates heavy clouds
-bring violent storms that last a short period of
time.
Cold Front
Warm Front
-leading edge of a warm air mass moving in to
replace a cold air mass.
-Warm air pushes cold air and gradually rises
over cold air mass creating small clouds.
-bring light/mellow rain and showers that can last
for several days.
Warm Front
Watch This!!
Weather Fronts
Fronts Foldable
•
•
•
•
•
Fold paper in half
2 Drawings (1 pt. each)
2 labels of Fronts (1 pt. each)
2 definitions (1 pt. each)
2 explanations of the weather that results from each
front
• 2 explanations about why cold air replaces and lifts
warm air, and why warm air pushes and covers cold air
but does not lift cold air(1 pt. each)
• 2 symbols (1 pt. each)
• -20 for no color
Cold Front (1pt)
-the leading edge of a cooler mass of air,
replacing (at ground level) a warmer mass
of air. (1 pt)
Weather-bring violent storms that are
followed by fair, cooler weather (1pt)
(1pt)
(1pt)
Warm Front
-leading edge of a warm air mass moving in
to replace a cold air mass.
-bring rain and showers followed by
warmer, more humid weather.
Cold Front
-the leading edge of a cooler mass of air,
replacing (at ground level) a warmer mass
of air.
Weather-bring violent storms that are
followed by fair, cooler weather
Warm Front
-leading edge of a warm air mass moving
in to replace a cold air mass.
-bring rain and showers followed by
warmer, more humid weather.
Air Mass/Fronts Quiz
3.
1.
2.
• Identify the type of front:
4.
5.
Bonus
Air Pressure
aka
barometric pressure
-the weight of the air pressing down on the
Earth, the ocean and on the air below
High Pressure Weather System
-A high pressure system is a whirling mass of cool,
dry air that generally brings fair weather and
light winds.
-winds spiral out of a high-pressure center in a
clockwise rotation in the Northern Hemisphere.
These bring sunny skies. A high pressure system is
represented as a big, blue H.
- > High H for Happy
High Pressure Weather System
Low Pressure System
A low pressure system is a whirling mass of
warm, moist air that generally brings stormy
weather with strong winds.
-winds spiral into a low-pressure center in a
counterclockwise rotation in the Northern
Hemisphere.
A low pressure system is represented as a big,
red L.
- Low Lift Warm
-Counter clock is bad
Low Pressure Weather System
Weather Map Symbols
-symbols used to represent air pressure
Watch This
• Air Pressure Systems
Watch this
Pressure Systems
Lets put it all together
Convection Current
-the transfer of heat in a gas or fluid through
currents
-created by warm less dense water/air rising and
cold more dense water/air dropping.
The Sun drives all weather activity
and currents because of its uneven
heating of the Earth!!!
Ocean Currents
• Warm water near equator rises towards the
poles, and water near poles travels towards
equator.
Ocean Currents
Watch this
• Ocean Currents and Convections Current
Sea and Land Breeze
• Convection currents over areas where the
land meets the sea cause sea breezes and land
breezes.
Sea Breeze
• Sea breezes are created during the day
because solar radiation warms the land more
than the water.
• Air over the land is heated by conduction. This
heated air becomes less dense and is forced
upward by cooler denser air moving inland
from the ocean. A convection current results.
Land Breeze
• At night, the land cools much more rapidly than
the ocean water. Air over the land becomes
cooler than the air over the ocean.
• The cool, dense air from the land moves out over
the water, pushing the warm air over the water
upward.
Watch Land and Sea Breeze
Convection
Interactive Breeze
Air Pressure Quiz
1. Name the type of front moving across the U.S.
2. Name the type of air pressure system over El Paso.
3. What type of weather is associated with that type
of air pressure system?
4. Weather conditions that include sunshine and
clear skies describe which type of pressure
system.
Identify the type of breeze:
5. Warm air from the ocean rises and is replaced
with cool air coming in from the cooler land.
Bonus: Name type of front that is located in the
Northern U.S.
Winds and the Coriolis Effect
A natural Phenomena that appears to deflect
items, such as wind, moving on or above the
earth's surface based on the rotation of the
earth.
Trade Winds
encounters the coriolis
effect caused by the
rotation of the Earth. This
force causes the winds in
the Northern Hemisphere
to move from the east
towards the west below
the subtropical high, and
from the west towards
the east above the
subtropical high.
Westerlies
• Above the subtropical
highs in the Northern
Hemisphere, and below
the subtropical highs in
the Southern
Hemisphere, winds blow
from the west towards
the east. These winds
are thus called westerly
winds, after the
direction from where
the winds come.
Polar Easterlies
• The subpolar lows
generally cause the
winds above 60 °
latitude to move
from the east
towards the west.
We call these winds
the polar easterlies.
Global Winds Quiz
1. The Polar Easterlies are found above how
many degrees latitude?
2. Which global winds begin from the West and
travel East?
3. Which global winds are found in between 30
and 60 degrees latitude?
4. This is a natural Phenomena that appears to
deflect items, such as wind, moving on or above
the earth's surface based on the rotation of the
earth.
Global Winds Quiz
5. The global winds that begin in the East and
travel West are called?
Bonus : What color is the High Pressure Symbol
represented by?
Factors Affecting Climate
Latitude – is the distance of a place north or south
of the equator.
– Temperature and amount of precipitation affected by
latitude.
– Latitude increase is equal to temperature decrease.
– As latitude increases, the intensity of solar energy
decreases
Factors Affecting Climate
Elevation - the distance a place is above sea
level.
– The higher the elevation is , the colder the
climate.
Factors Affecting Climate
Topography -the shape of the land which can
affect how much precipitation falls.
– Topographic features such as mountains play an
important role in the amount of precipitation that
falls over an area
Factors Affecting Climate
Distance from water- involves water ways with
different temperatures that help maintain land
temperatures around them.
– Large bodies of water such as lakes and oceans have
an important effect on the temperature of an area
because the temperature of the water body
influences the temperature of the air above it
Factors Affecting Climate
Global Winds: involves the winds and the
direction they blow.
– influences climate because they distribute heat
and moisture around Earth
Factors Affecting Climate
Ocean Currents: Warm water near equator rises
towards the poles, and water near poles travels
towards equator.
– Ocean currents tend to warm temperature of
eastern coastal areas ( Miami, FL) and warm
temperatures of western coastal areas (San Diego,
CA)
Quiz #6
1. This factor that affects climate is the distance a
place is above sea level.
2. This factor that affects climate is the shape of the
land which can affect how much precipitation falls.
3. This factor that affects climate is the distance of a
place north or south of the equator.
4. This factor that affects climate involves the winds
and the direction they blow.
5. This factor that affects climate involves water ways
with different temperatures that help maintain
land temperatures around them.
Bonus
An unusual warming of ocean water off the
coast of Peru that takes place every few years.
5 Steps to Make a Hurricane
El Nino
El Nino
El Nino: water in the Pacific Ocean near the
equator gets hotter than usual and affects the
atmosphere and weather around the world.
Occurs every 3-8 years
Cause of El Nino is unknown
Effects of El Nino
El Nino can cause catastrophic events in places not common to
experience them.
Ex: Where one place has excessive rain, hurricanes, somewhere on
opposite side of globe is experiencing a drought/dry weather.
Usually, El Niño brings more rain and higher temperatures in U.S.
El Niño may also bring warmer than normal winter temperatures to
the eastern part of the United States.
Drought in Indonesia and Australia.
El Nino causes nutrient rich cold water to stay further below
surface causing fish to travel further, causing a shortage of fishing.
La Nina
La Nina: water in the Pacific Ocean near the
equator gets colder than usual and affects the
atmosphere and weather around the world.
• Sometimes follows El Nino
El Nino and La Nina
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC EL NINO
Western Europe
Gulf Stream Western Europe
Gulf Stream
PAP Quiz #3
1. Name the type of front moving across the U.S.
2. What type of weather is associated with that
type of weather system?
3. Name type of front that is located in the
Northern U.S.
4. What type of weather is associated with that
type of pressure system nearest El Paso?
•
5.
Identify the type of front.
Bonus
Lottery Quiz #4
1. A weather system from the South Pacific
Ocean is moving over the United States. What
type of weather will it most likely bring?
A. Cold, dry weather
C. Warm, wet weather
B. Cold, wet weather
D. Warm, dry weather
2. When a cold weather system meets a warm
weather system, what will most likely occur?
A. The cold air will become dry.
B. The water in the air will evaporate.
C. The warm air will be forced to rise.
D. The weather in the area will stabilize.
3.
4.
5.
Bonus:
Barometer
-an instrument that
measures atmospheric
pressure
-nationally measured in
inches of Mercury
(29.92 in.Hg)
-internationally measured
in kilopascals
(101.35kPa)