Transcript DEVELOPMENT OF A REMOTE-SENSING TESTBED FOR

DEVELOPMENT OF A REMOTE-SENSING TESTBED
FOR TROPOSPHERIC AIR QUALITY AND WINDS
University of Alabama in Huntsville
Mike Newchurch, David Bowdle, John Mecikalski,
Walt Petersen, Kevin Knupp, Dick McNider
Simpson Weather Associates
Dave Emmitt
NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory
Mike Hardesty
pseudo-true color image
false-color land use image
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
Steve Johnson
Working Group on Space-Based Lidar Winds
Key West, Florida, January 17-20, 2006
Huntsville/Madison Urban Corridor
and Redstone Arsenal
In Northern Alabama
Modeling Challenge #1:
Multiple Coupled Scales*
Adapted from:
*Walter D. Bach Jr., Program Manager, Environmental Sciences Division, U.S. Army Research Office
CoChair: OFCM Joint Action Group for Atmospheric Transport and Diffusion Modeling (Research and Development Plan)
Modeling Challenge #2:
Multiple Coupled Nonlinear Processes
 operational
models
MICROSCALE
 needed
MESOSCALE
full troposphere
lower troposphere
with
LARGE EDDY
SIMULATION
(LES)
 clouds
 sfc
SATELLITE
DATA
ASSIMILATION
 clouds
 J*
 merge
PBL
CLOUD
 dynamics
 gas chemistry
 thermodynamics
 aerosol processes
 dynamics
microphysics
 thermodynamics
 chemistry
METEOROLOGY
AIR QUALITY
(MM5 with 4DDA)
(Models-3/CMAQ)
 sfc energy balance
trace gas
emission
 transport
chemistry
 radiation
initial conditions & boundary conditions
 IC
 BC
PBL and cloud
 dynamics
 thermodynamics
aerosol processes
 cloud processes
Modeling Challenge #3:
Multiple Applications and Stakeholders
For example,
• air quality model validation
• air pollution assessments and forecasts
• source attribution; regulatory/economic impact
• ground-truth for satellite-based sensors
• urban- to regional-scale climate modeling
• regional- to global-scale climate modeling
• tactical-scale tracer models for national security
Modeling Challenge #4:
INADEQUATE WIND DATA
and
complex terrain with diverse land usage
Federal Air Quality Modeling Needs
Documentation
Keystone Recommendations
Interpret uncertainty
ATD modeling systems should routinely quantify
the uncertainties in their results
Quantify uncertainty
ATD modeling R&D community work with representative
users
to determine effective means
to quantify and communicate uncertainties.
Implementation Recommendation #2
Establish ATD Test beds
Participating Federal agencies establish
a multi-agency testbed authority
to oversee the development and operation
of multiple test beds for urban and complex-environments,
in locations selected for national and/or R&D priorities
Implementation Recommendation #6
Bridge the Scale Gap
Address difficulties in interfacing models at different
scales
www.ofcm.gov/r23/r23-2004/fcm-r23.htm
Air Quality Information Needs
INFORMATION CONTENT
Intelligent assimilation of multi-scale multi-variate atmospheric data
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improved atmospheric modeling on ~20-meter to ~20 kilometer scales
improved atmospheric measurements for point and standoff detection
improved understanding and quantification of atmospheric uncertainties
INFORMATION APPLICATION
Intelligent transformation of complex atmospheric data into usable
information for civil and military decision-makers on tactical time scales
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improved sensor webs to capture critical information and initiate responses
improved information display formats, including uncertainties & implications
INFORMATION EFFECTIVENESS
Intelligent expansion of atmospheric information management systems
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Flexible, responsive, scalable, transferable, evolvable – and marketable
Requires open architecture with national standards
Expanded from:
*Walter D. Bach Jr., Program Manager, Environmental Sciences Division, U.S. Army Research Office
CoChair: OFCM Joint Action Group for Atmospheric Transport and Diffusion Modeling (Research and Development Plan)
Research Approach
Evolving Even as We Speak!
Continuous Long-Term Nested Observations and Modeling:
Clear AirConvective InitiationStorms
OUTER NEST
• NWS WSR-88D radar: Columbus, MS; Nashville, TN; Birmingham, AL; Hytop, AL (~75 km NE
of Huntsville);
• C-band dual-polarization Doppler radar: (ARMOR, at Huntsville airport)
• Real-time satellite downlink (GOES & MODIS); Land-surface characterization from satellites;
• Remote sensing-based land-surface flux modeling, disaggregating to <100 m resolutions;
• Surface weather instrumentation, real-time satellite data
• Lightning Mapping Array
• High-resolution Regional Modeling, coupled to LES simulations
INNER NEST
• Regional Atmospheric Profiling Center for Discovery (RAPCD): 2.1 micron scanning Doppler
wind lidar, 0.532 micron scanning aerosol lidar, UV DIAL for vertical ozone profiles
• Mobile Integrated Profiling System (MIPS): 915 MHz wind profiler, Radio Acoustic Sounding
System (RASS), 2 kHz Doppler sodar (two locations), 0.905 micron ceilometer, 12-channel
microwave profiling radiometer (MPR); mobile X-band radar (pending)
NSSTC
Regional Atmospheric Profiling Center
for Discovery
RAPCD
AmOR
Applied
Microparticle
Optics and
Radiometry
Dome Shutters
Locked
at zenith
Dome
Ozone
Lidar
Doppler Lidar Scanner
2.1-micron Doppler wind/aerosol lidar
Chimney 5
FTIR
Chimney 3
Horizontal
FTIR
Dome
Sidewall
Chimney 2
Lid Open
Solar
Lid Open
Chimney 4
Dome Floor
Railing
Lid Closed
Lid Closed
Chimney 1
Grating Top
Dome Floor
Dome Legs
Elevation of roof plan
1-micron scanning aerosol lidar on loan from
Herman and Labow/GSFC
Roof Top
Surface instr.
Satellite comm.
MIPS Components
2 kHz Doppler sodar
Ceilometer
915 MHz profiler
Electric Field Mill
12-channel Microwave Profiling Radiometer
Not shown: 2 raingages and disdrometer
Afternoon Clear Air/Cumulus: Within 50 km of ARMOR
and in the planetary boundary layer (PBL)
ARMOR tracks individual PBL structures (refractive index gradients, biological
flyers) and directly measures radial wind.
ARMOR wind measurements can be transformed to Cartesian grid at “modeling
gap” resolutions (e.g., 1 km). using combined sensors in STORMnet (e.g., MIPS
and KHTX NEXRAD Doppler Radar) to retrieve wide-area u, v wind components
ARMOR Remote Sensing and Hydrometeorology
• Boundary Layer Forcing
• Convective Initiation
• Cloud Physics
Combined (lightning
mapping, wind profiler)
high resolution studies of
summer thunderstorms
and interactions with the
convective boundary layer
Example: Short-lived
summer convection; can
exert an immediate impact
on operations: wind, heavy
rain, hail, flash flooding and
lightning
•Goals:
• Improved hydrometeorological
threat detection for decision
support
• Process study-based
Dual-polarimetric radar is better able to characterize the Improvements in predictive
capability
particle types, sizes and shapes in precipitation
Research Radar Scanning Flexibility
Will allow for high temporal resolution tracer Studies
Chaff Plume (Tracer)
Browns Ferry Plume
Clear Air
Use diagnosed winds and backscatter for both validation and
initialization- in clear air AND precipitating conditions!
Embedded Sensor Networks
CHARM
STORMNET
existing
Cooperative Huntsville Area Rainfall Measurements
POTENTIAL DOPPLER LIDAR COVERAGE
(topographic obscuration not shown)
RAPCD
DWL, Ozone
(fixed site)
concepts
Citizens DWL
(option 1)
Citizens DWL
(option 2)
Army DWL
(fixed site)
DWL IOP
Data Assimilation Process:
Multiple Instrument Platforms
H Operator
maps/grids,
relates &
Lidars & Radars
interprets
data from
observation
space to
model grid
GOES
Disparate
Data/Observations
H
Bottom Line:
All radar winds
are treated as
unique data,
mapped through
the assimilation
system
Methods
3D-Var
4D-Var
O/I
Filters
SCM
Model Grid
Sensor Web Enablement Framework
Heterogeneous sensor network
Airborne
In-Situ
monitors
Surveillance
- sparse
- disparate
Decision Support Tools
Satellite
Bio/Chem/Rad
Detectors
- mobile/in-situ
- extensible
Models and Simulations
Sensor Web Enablement
- discovery
- access
- tasking
- alert notification
web services and
encodings based on Open
Standards
(OGC, ISO, OASIS, IEEE)
- nested
- national, regional, urban
- adaptable
- data assimilation
- vendor neutral
- extensive
M. Botts -2004
- flexible
- adaptable
Current and Prospective Partners
Academia
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University of Alabama in Huntsville (lead)
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Arizona State University
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…
Private Industry
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Simpson Weather Associates
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…
Federal Agencies and National Laboratories
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NASA MSFC/…
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NOAA NESDIS/NSSL/ESRL/NWS/IPO…
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US Army: RSA, BED, WSMR, Dugway, Yuma, …
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Other DOD (Navy: NPS/CIRPAS, Air Force: Hanscom AFB)
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DOE: PNNL/BNL/ORNL
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NCAR, EPA, TVA
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…
Development of a Remote Sensing Testbed
For Tropospheric Air Quality and Winds
Summary
1. Multiple parameters observed by complementary sensors
2. Frequent operation of stationary sensors over extended periods
3. Wide range of weather conditions and airmass types
4. Interaction with end users in a simulated operational setting
5. Infrastructure to accommodate guest investigators
6. Occasional multi-institutional intensive operational periods
7. Funding/participation from multiple agencies and organizations
8. Invite further discussions with interested parties
[email protected]