Transcript Biotic Factors

Chapter 15
The Biosphere
Biosphere
• Includes living organisms and the land, air, and,
water on Earth where living things reside
• All living things making up the biosphere can also be
called the biota
• There are four major interconnected systems on
Earth:
– Biosphere
– Hydrosphere
– Atmosphere
– Geosphere
Hydrosphere
• All of Earth’s water, ice, and water vapor
Atmosphere
• Air blanketing Earth’s solid and liquid
surface
Geosphere
• Features of Earth’s surface such as, the
continents, rocks, and sea floors
• Also everything below the Earth’s surface
World Biomes
A variety of ecosystems
that are grouped
according to similar
climates
World Biomes
• Biomes are usually named for
their predominant plant type
and major climatic features.
• Each biome also has
characteristic microorganisms,
fungi, and animals.
Biomes and Climate
• Can all kinds of organisms live in every biome?
– No
• Species vary in different conditions.
• They adapt to certain types of climate.
– Adapting means they have an ability to
survive and reproduce.
• Because each species is adapted to certain
conditions, the climate of a region is an important
factor in determining which organisms can
survive there.
Climate
• Is the long-term pattern of weather conditions in a
region.
• Two main components of climate: temperature and
precipitation.
Climate Video
• http://nicolellawhhs.weebly.com/unit-5chapter-15-the-biosphere.html
Microclimate
• Even within a specific region, climate conditions
may vary dramatically.
• Temperature and precipitation can vary greatly
over small distances.
• Climate in a small area that differs from the
climate around it is the microclimate.
Factors that Influence Climate
• Sunlight
– Sun’s rays most intense where the sunlight hits
directly
• At the Equator
– Earth’s surface is heated unevenly due to shape
• Air and Water Movement
– Warm air and water rise because they are less
dense
• Landmasses
– Help shape climate
– Mountains
World Map of Biomes
Tropical Rainforest
Abiotic Factors:
- hot and wet all year
- nutrient thin, poor soil
Biotic Factors:
-
- Highest level of biodiversity
- Characterized by a canopy uppermost branches of the
trees that forms a dense
covering
- Vegetation includes thick,
lush forest
- Tree frogs, sloths,
jaguar,
apes
Rainforest Video
• http://nicolellawhhs.weebly.com/unit-5chapter-15-the-biosphere.html
Grassland
Types of Grasslands:
-Tropical (Savanna)
-Temperate
Grassland
Tropical Grassland Abiotic
Factors:
- warm temperatures
- seasonal rainfall (limiting
- frequent fires
factor)
Grassland
Tropical Grassland Biotic
Factors:
-
Tall perennial grasses, drought
and fire-resistant trees
Lions, leopards, cheetahs, and
hyenas
Savanna Video
• http://nicolellawhhs.weebly.com/unit-5chapter-15-the-biosphere.html
Grassland
Temperate Grassland
Abiotic Factors:
-
Cold winters
Fertile soil
Occasional fires
Warm to hot summers
Biotic Factors:
-
Lush, perennial grasses and herbs
Most resistant to fire, drought, and
cold
gophers, rabbits, prairie dogs
Desert
Types of Deserts:
-Hot
-Semiarid
-Cold
Desert
Abiotic Factors:
- low precipitation
- variable temperature
Biotic Factors:
- cacti, succulent plants
- bats, owls, hawks, lizards,
reptiles…
Three Types of Deserts
• Hot Desert:
– Example: Sonoran in Arizona
– Daytime temp: 100 degrees F
– Precipitation falls as rain here
• Semiarid Desert:
– Example: Kalahari Desert
– Temperatures cooler than hot desert
• Cold Desert:
– Example: Antarctic
– Precipitation often occurs as snow
Temperate
Forests
Types of Temperate
Forests:
-
Temperate deciduous
Temperate rainforest
Deciduous Forest
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Characteristics:
-Distinguishable seasons
-Growing season occurs during warmer temperatures
-Depends on availability of water (limiting factor)
Deciduous Forest
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Abiotic Factors:
-Characterized by seasons such as summers and cold
winters
-Deciduous means trees drop their leaves and go
dormant during the cold season.
Biotic Factors:
- Hickory, maple, beech, and oak trees…
- Deer, black bear, squirrels…
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Video
• http://nicolellawhhs.weebly.com/unit-5chapter-15-the-biosphere.html
Temperate Rainforest
Characteristics:
• One long wet season and one long dry season
• Often see fog and low-lying clouds
• Often see coniferous trees here
– This means trees retain their needles all year
Temperate Rainforest
• Abiotic factors:
– Cold to moderate winters
– Warm summers
– Year-round precipitation
– Fertile soil
• Biotic Factors:
– Coniferous plants (produce seed-bearing
cones) and retain needles all year
– Deer, black bears, bobcats, and squirrels
Taiga
Characteristics:
-
Also known as a boreal forest
-
Dense, evergreen forest (coniferous)
Taiga
Abiotic Factors:
- long, cold winters
- short, mild summers
- moderate precipitation
Biotic Factors:
- coniferous trees (pines)
- lynx, moose, beavers…
Tundra
Characteristics:
- Characterized by permafrost
Layer of permanently frozen subsoil
- Tundra plants small and stunted
- Winters can be as long as 10 months
Tundra
Abiotic Factors:
- low precipitation
- strong winds
- poor soil
Biotic Factors:
*musk ox, arctic fox, snowy owl…
*mosses, lichens, short grasses…
Let’s Review
R.Q: A Biome is identified
by its particular set of
abiotic factors and……
BIOTIC FACTORS
R.Q: Which biome is
characterized by very low
temperature, little
precipitation, and
permafrost?
TUNDRA!
R.Q: Which biome has
least amount of
precipitation?
DESERT!
R.Q: Name another
biome that has very low
precipitation other than
the desert.
TUNDRA!
R.Q: Which biome is
characterized by having
coniferous trees?
TAIGA!
R.Q: Which biome is
characterized by warm
temperatures and
seasonal rainfall?
SAVANNA!
R.Q: Which biome is
located along the
equator?
TROPICAL
RAINFOREST!