Transcript ESSR_PNE_SevereWeather_V01

Severe Weather
Severe Weather
There are many types including:
Questions:
List various
forms of severe
weather.
Lots of rain
Lightning
Hurricanes
Hail
Tornadoes
Cyclones
Blizzards
SC.912.E.7.6 Relate the formation of severe weather to the various physical factors.
SC.912.E.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have
influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively.
Thunderstorm
Questions:
What is a
thunderstorm?
What are the
stages of a
thunderstorm?
Thunderstorm – brief heavy
storm with rain, thunder,
lightning, and strong winds
Stages:
1. Cumulus stage – warm air rises
to form clouds
2. Mature stage – the sever
weather occurs
3. Dissipating stage – storm
decreases
SC.912.E.7.6 Relate the formation of severe weather to the various physical factors.
SC.912.E.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have
influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively.
Lightning
Lightning – the discharge of
electrical charges
Questions:
What is thunder
and lightning and
how do they form?
It occurs when ice and water in
clouds rub together causes
charges to build up
Positive charges - at the top of
cloud
Negative charges - at the bottom of
the clouds
Too much builds up and the
electrons travel to the ground
As the electricity heats the air
next to it, it expands quickly
making thunder
SC.912.E.7.6 Relate the formation of severe weather to the various physical factors.
SC.912.E.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have
influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively.
Hurricanes
Questions:
What is a
hurricane and
how does it form?
 Hurricane – a tropical storm with
winds are more than 74mph that
spiral in toward the center
Range from category 1 - 5
 How it forms:
Warm moist air over ocean rises
and forms clouds
Clouds rotate counter clockwise
(in north)
A low pressure forms in the
center as the hot lighter air rises
and pushes cold heavy air out of
the way
SC.912.E.7.6 Relate the formation of severe weather to the various physical factors.
SC.912.E.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have
influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively.
Parts of the hurricane
Questions:
What are the
parts of a
hurricane?
 3 layers of thick cumulonimbus
clouds – spiraling upward
around the center
 The eye – the center of the storm
Calm and clear
 The eyewall – part bordering the
eye
Highest winds are here
SC.912.E.7.6 Relate the formation of severe weather to the various physical factors.
SC.912.E.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have
influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively.
Internal Hurricane Structure

Dangers of hurricanes
Storm surge – rising sea
levels with large wave
Questions:
Explain the
dangers of a
hurricane.
As air in center rises it pulls
ocean water upward – as it
travels onto land it creates
storm surges
Wind damage –
determined by speed of
wind, how buildings are
constructed, etc.
SC.912.E.7.6 Relate the formation of severe weather to the various physical factors.
SC.912.E.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have
influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively.
Cyclones
Questions:
What is a cyclone?
Cyclone – an area with low
pressure that has winds
moving toward the rising air
in the center of an area
Occurs in the mid-western US
Also - what hurricanes are
called in the Indian ocean
SC.912.E.7.6 Relate the formation of severe weather to the various physical factors.
SC.912.E.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have
influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively.
Cyclone formation
Questions:
Explain how a
cyclone forms?
1. It starts where warm and
cold air move parallel but in
opposite directions
2. A piece of the cold front
moves faster creating a
wave
3. The fast moving cold
overtakes the warm front
and starts to spin
SC.912.E.7.6 Relate the formation of severe weather to the various physical factors.
SC.912.E.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have
influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively.
http://esminfo.prenhall.com/science/geoanimations/animations/Tornadoes.html
http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/Students_Teachers/cycmod.shtml
Tornadoes
Questions:
What is a
tornado and
how does it
form?
 Tornado – rotating column of fast moving
wind that is visible a funnel shape
Occur mostly in late spring and early
fall
Winds up to 400mph
 Formation:
1. Hot dry air moves up and meets with
cold air moving down
2. Air starts to spiral
3. It may develop a funnel shape
If it does touch – it wanders
haphazardly and can rise and touch
down again
SC.912.E.7.6 Relate the formation of severe weather to the various physical factors.
SC.912.E.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have
influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively.
EF 0
EF 1
EF 2
EF 3
EF 4
EF 5
How does the Enhanced Fujita Scale
work?
Gale Tornado: 65-85 miles per hour (mph)
Some damage to chimneys. Tree branches broken off.
Shallow-rooted trees uprooted.
Moderate Tornado: 86-110 mph
Roof surfaces peeled off. Mobile homes overturned.
Moving autos pushed off roads.
Significant Tornado: 111-135 mph
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off frame houses.
Large trees snapped or uprooted. Light object projectiles
generated.
Severe Tornado: 136-165 mph
Severe damage. Roofs and some walls torn off well-constructed
homes. Most trees in forests uprooted. Heavy
cars lifted off ground.
Devastating Tornado: 166-200 mph
Well-constructed houses leveled. Structures blown off
weak foundations. Cars thrown and large projectiles
generated.
Incredible Tornado: 200+ mph
Strong frame houses lifted off foundations and disintegrated.
Automobile-sized projectiles fly through the air
in excess of 100 mph. Trees debarked.
Blizzards
Ice storms
Measuring weather in
lower atmosphere
Questions:
List the
instruments
used to
measure
weather.
We measure to try to predict
future weather events
Thermometers – temperature
Psychrometer – humidity
Barometer – air pressure
Anemometer – wind speed
Wind vein – wind direction
SC.912.E.7.5 Predict future weather conditions based on present observations and conceptual
models and recognize limitations and uncertainties of such predictions.
Rain Gauge
Hydrometer
Mercurial Barometer
Anemometer
Wind vein
Measuring weather in
upper atmosphere
Questions:
What instruments
are used to
measure weather
in the upper
atmosphere?
 Radiosonde – many instruments
lifted by balloon
 Doppler Radar – uses reflected
radio waves to determine velocity
and location of weather
 Weather satellites – create
images of weather
 Computers – used for doing the
math and store data for
comparisons
SC.912.E.7.8 Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have
influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively.
Radiosonde
Satellite
Doppler Radar
Forecasting weather
Questions:
What are used
to forecast
weather and
what are their
limitation?
What is the
difference
between isobars
and isotherms?
 Use weather maps and models to put
collected information in a picture
To try to predict but - these are
limited and not always accurate
 Map includes:
Have different symbols and colors to
represent specific weather
Have isotherms – line connecting
equal temperatures
Have isobars – lines connecting
equal pressures
SC.912.E.7.5 Predict future weather conditions based on present observations and conceptual
models and recognize limitations and uncertainties of such predictions.
Isotherms

Isobars

Issuing weather alerts
Questions:
What is the
difference
between a
watch and a
warning?
Watch – when conditions are
ideal for sever weather
Warning – when weather has
been spotted
SC.912.E.7.5 Predict future weather conditions based on present observations and conceptual
models and recognize limitations and uncertainties of such predictions.
Trying to control the
weather
Questions:
What is cloud
seeding, why is
it used, and
what are the
results?
 Used techniques like cloud
seeding
Cloud seeding – process of
introducing condensation or freezing
nuclei into a cloud to force
precipitation
Purpose – either increase rain,
decrease rain, reduce lightning
It did not work
Still are working on it to try to
improve the process
SC.912.E.7.5 Predict future weather conditions based on present observations and conceptual
models and recognize limitations and uncertainties of such predictions.