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CHAPTER
NEW CHAPTER
Weather Patterns
the BIG idea
Some features of weather have predictable patterns.
2.1
The atmosphere's air pressure changes.
2.2
The atmosphere has wind patterns.
2.3
Most clouds form as air rises and cools.
2.4
Water falls to Earth’s surface as precipitation.
CHAPTER OUTLINE
CHAPTER RESOURCES
2.1
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
The atmosphere's air pressure changes.
Air pressure is the force of air molecules pushing on
an area. Air pressure decreases as you move higher
in the atmosphere. Air pressure can also differ in two
locations at the same altitude.
VOCABULARY
air pressure
barometer
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
2.2
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
The atmosphere has wind patterns.
Wind blows from areas of high pressure toward
areas of low pressure. Earth's rotation causes long
distance winds to curve.
VOCABULARY
weather
wind
global wind
Coriolis effect
jet stream
area of high
pressure
area of low
pressure
VISUALIZATION
VISUALIZATION
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Explore how breezes blowing
over land and water change
over the course of a day.
View an animation of the
Coriolis effect.
monsoon
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
2.3
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Most clouds form as air rises and cools.
Clouds are made of tiny water droplets that
condense from water vapor in rising air.
level where
condensation
begins
VOCABULARY
evaporation
condensation
precipitation
humidity
saturation
relative humidity
dew point
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
2.4
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
Water falls to Earth’s surface as
precipitation.
VOCABULARY
freezing rain
Water droplets in clouds merge
to form raindrops.
sleet
hail
Ice crystals in clouds can form
snow, rain, and other types of
precipitation.
Freezing rain
is rain that
freezes when
it hits the
ground or
other
surfaces.
Sleet is rain
that freezes
into ice pellets
while falling
through cold
air.
Snow forms
from ice
crystals that
merge in
clouds.
acid rain
Hail forms
when ice pellets
move up and
down in clouds,
growing larger
as they gain
layers of ice.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
2.1
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
The atmosphere's air pressure changes.
I. The atmosphere's air pressure changes.
A. Air exerts pressure.
VOCABULARY
air pressure
barometer
B. Air pressure is related to altitude and density.
1. Pressure and Air Motion
2. Barometers and Air Pressure
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
2.2
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
The atmosphere has wind patterns.
II. The atmosphere has wind patterns.
A. Uneven heating causes air to move.
B. Earth’s rotation affects wind direction.
C. Bands of calm air separate global wind belts.
1. Calm Regions
2. Wind Belts
VOCABULARY
weather
wind
global wind
Coriolis effect
jet stream
monsoon
3. Effects of Wind on Travel
D. Jet streams flow near the top of the troposphere.
E. Patterns of heating and cooling cause local
winds and monsoons.
1. Local Winds
2. Monsoons
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
2.3
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Most clouds form as air rises and cools.
III. Most clouds form as air rises and cools.
A. Temperature affects water in the air.
1. Water in the Air
2. Humidity and Relative Humidity
B. Water vapor condenses and forms clouds.
VOCABULARY
evaporation
condensation
precipitation
humidity
saturation
1. Characteristics of Clouds
relative humidity
2. Cirrus Clouds
dew point
3. Cumulus Clouds
4. Stratus Clouds
5. Fog
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
2.4
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Water falls to Earth’s surface as
precipitation.
IV. Water falls to Earth’s surface as precipitation.
A. Precipitation forms from water droplets or ice
crystals.
1. Measuring Precipitation
VOCABULARY
freezing rain
sleet
hail
acid rain
2. Types of Precipitation
B. Precipitation can carry pollution.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
CHAPTER HOME
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