Transcript Chapter 2 Section 2

Chapter 2 Section 2
Climate
Weather vs. Climate
What is the difference
between
Weather & Climate?
Weather & Climate
Weather
 Weather
– unpredictable
changes in the air that take place
over a short period of time
 Example
– When you get up in
the morning you might wonder
what the weather is like.
Climate
 Climate
– usual, predictable
pattern of weather in an area
over a long period of time.
 Example
– You may wonder what
the climate is like in Ireland
during the summer time!
Climate
The Sun and Climate
 What
is original source of
climate? ____________
 Climate is also caused by the
earth’s angle toward the sun.
The Sun and Climate
 Think
back to chapter 1 section 2
The Earth in Space. What can
you tell me about the way the
sun hits the earth, and how that
determines the climate?
Answer
 The
sun hits the middle of the
earth (equator at a more direct
angle)
 Remember the earth is on a 23 ½
degree angle
 The poles get the least amount of
direct sun.
Question
What
two things cause
the earth to have
varying climates?
Answer
 Earth’s
tilt
 Earth’s revolution
The Winds Effect on Climate
 Wind
– Movement of air.
 Wind moves in all types of
directions
– North and South
– East and West
– Also Up and Down
Warm air __________, Cold air
___________?
Winds
 Monsoons
– tremendous season
winds that blow over continents
for months at a time.

Found mostly in Asia and
some parts of Africa.

Can be very destructive
however, the summer monsoons
in Asia bring needed rain.
Monsoons
Storms
 Thunderstorms
– When warm
air and cold air meet.
 Why
do places such as Florida
get more thunderstorms?
 What
other storms can occur
from a thunderstorm?
Thunderstorms
Lightning
Storms
 Tornadoes
storms.
 Tornado
- Funnel shape wind
winds can often get to
speed of ___________ or higher.
Tornado
Storms
 Hurricanes
- Form over the
___________ ocean during the
late summer and early fall.
 High winds, rough seas, and
drenching rains.
 Hit in North America, and the
Caribbean.
Hurricanes
Storms
 Typhoons
- Type of hurricane
that rips through areas in Asia.
 They
produce damaging winds,
and heavy rains.
Typhoon
El Nino and La Nina
 El
Nino (the boy) – Cold winds
from the East are weak.
 Without these cold winds, the
central Pacific becomes warmer
 Warmer air means
more____________ which
causes more clouds to form.
 The thick unusual clouds cause
wind patterns to change, which
causes a change in weather
patterns.
El Nino and La Nina
 El
Nino occurs in the central
Pacific.
 They occur about every
_________ years.
 La Nina (the girl) – Western
Pacific. The winds from the east
are very strong and they cause
thick clouds disrupting weather
patterns.
El Nino & La Nina
Ocean Currents
 Currents
– carry cold and warm
water through the world’s ocean
 Currents affect the climate of
the land masses. There are
warm currents and cold currents.
 Polar currents usually flow
toward the equator and tropical
currents usually flow toward the
Poles.
Currents
 Currents
affect the climate
because the wind will blow
the warm or cold air from the
currents to different parts of
land.
Currents
Ocean Currents & Climate
Critical Thinking
 Looking
at the previous map,
which parts of the world
would be affected by the Gulf
Stream?
Landforms and Climate
 As
we know, __________ and
___________ affect climate, but
landforms also affect climate.
 Local
Winds – patterns of wind
caused by landforms in a
particular region.
Did You Know
 Land
warms more quickly than
water, and also cools more
quickly!!
 Question:
Would coastal areas
be warmer or colder during the
day?
Landforms and Climate
 Mountains
and climate –
Mountains block a lot of winds
and therefore have a great affect
on the climate of a place.
 Air warmed by the sun rises
toward the top of a mountain
during the day, and then at night
the cool air lowers to the valleys
below.
Mountains, Temperature, and
Rainfall
Higher the elevation = ____________
temperature.
 Tropics can even have snow capped
mountains.
 Why? When Warm air is pushed in
toward mountainous land, the warm
air needs to go up and over the
mountains. As the air rises it
_________, which causes snow, or
rain to fall.

Mountains, Temperature, and
Rainfall
 Windward
(wind- facing) side of a
mountain is often moist and foggy.
 Rain shadow – a dry area on the
side of a mountain that is facing away
from the wind. This side is often dry
and cool. (Western Coast of the U.S)
 Leeward Side – After the rain
shadow when the air is moving down
the mountain it loses moisture and
gets dry and desert like.
People on Climate
 People
create pollutants that
affect the climate.
 Greenhouse Effect – buildup of
gases from pollutants created by
humans. This buildup prevents
warm air from rising and
escaping into the atmosphere
which causes the overall
temperature of the earth to rise.
People on Climate
 Rain
Forests – Along the
equator, dense forests that
are home to thousands of
species of plants and
animals.
Effects of Cutting Down the
Rain Forests
 Upsets
the Water cycle
 Extinction of thousands of
species of animals and plants
 Burning is putting poisonous
pollutants into the air.