Transcript DAY 2 -Press & Wind - NEW slides as of 06-25-09

Property of Lear Siegler
PRESSURE & WINDS
Property of Lear Siegler
ELO # 1
ACTION: Identify the standard mean
sea level in inches of mercury or
millibars.
CONDITION: Given pertinent
information about mean sea level.
STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230 para 5-3
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
Force exerted by the weight of a column of
air per unit area
Property of Lear Siegler
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
Force exerted by the weight of a column of
air per unit area
Each brick = 1 lb
Total Wt 8 lbs
Scale
Property of Lear Siegler
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
Force exerted by the weight of a column of
air per unit area
Total Wt 1 lb
Property of Lear Siegler
Property of Lear Siegler
Mercurial Barometer
Vacuum in tube, most
of air removed.
Atmospheric Weight
Normal atmospheric
pressure at
sea level supports a
column of mercury
29.92 inches high
Property of Lear Siegler
Aneroid Barometer
Property of Lear Siegler
Standard Day Pressure
29.92 “hg
1013.2 hP / mb
Property of Lear Siegler
Station Pressure
24.92 “Hg
843.9 mb
Station Pressure
29.92 “Hg
1013.2 mb
Denver
SLP = 1013.2 mb
New Orleans
SLP = 1013.2 mb
SLP : Station pressure corrected for elevation and
temperature
Property of Lear Siegler
ELO # 2
ACTION: Identify the definition of an
isobar.
CONDITION: From a list select the
correct definition.
STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230 para 5-5
ISOBARS
LINES CONNECTING POINTS OF EQUAL
PRESSURE CORRECTED TO SEA LEVEL
SPACED 4 MB APART
1004 mb
1004 mb
PURPOSE OF ISOBARS
 TO SHOW AREAS OF HIGH AND LOW
PRESSURE
 TO SHOW WIND DIRECTION
 TO SHOW RELATIVE WIND SPEEDS
Property of Lear Siegler
ELO # 3
ACTION: Identify pressure patterns.
CONDITION: From a chart, identify the
correct mean sea level pressure.
STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230 para 5-5
FM 1-230
Figure 5-6
HIGH: (anticyclone) areas where pressure
is higher than all surrounding pressure.
1020
1024
H
Property of Lear Siegler
RIDGE – an elongated area of high pressure
Property of Lear Siegler
LOWS: (cyclones) areas where pressure
is lower than all surrounding pressure.
1000
996
992
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Trough – an elongated area of low
pressure
Property of Lear Siegler
Property of Lear Siegler
ELO # 4
ACTION: Identify the definition of
pressure gradient force.
CONDITION: From a list select the
correct definition.
STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230 para 5-6
PRESSURE GRADIENT FORCE
The force exerted by the change
in pressure per unit of horizontal
distance. (The rate at which the air
will accelerate depends on the rate at
which pressure changes with distance.)
This force causes the wind to blow.
ELO # 5
ACTION: Identify the characteristics of
the pressure gradient force.
CONDITION: Given a list, select the
characteristics of the pressure gradient
force.
STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230
PRESSURE GRADIENT
ACTS FROM HIGH TO LOW PRESSURE
ACTS PERPENDICULAR TO ISOBARS
Property of Lear Siegler
H
Property of Lear Siegler
L
PRESSURE GRADIENT
ISOBARS CLOSELY SPACED
STRONG OR STEEP PRESSURE GRADIENT
MODERATE TO STRONG WINDS
ISOBARS WIDELY SPACED
WEAK OR FLAT PRESSURE GRADIENT
CALM OR LIGHT WINDS
Property of Lear Siegler
Property of Lear Siegler
Break
ELO # 6
ACTION: Identify the characteristics of
Coriolis force.
CONDITION: From a list select the
statement that correctly describes the
effects of Coriolis force.
STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230 para 6-7
Coriolis Force
A FORCE DEVELOPED BY THE UNEQUAL
SPEED OF ROTATION OF THE EARTH’S
SURFACE.
Property of Lear Siegler
Characteristics
CORIOLIS CHARACTERISTICS
ACTS PERPENDICULAR TO WIND
PROPORTIONAL TO WIND SPEED
STRONGEST AT POLES ZERO AT
EQUATOR
Property of Lear Siegler
Break
ELO # 7
ACTION: Identify the definition of wind
flow around highs and lows in the
Northern Hemisphere.
CONDITION: From a list identify the
orientation of wind flow in relation to
the isobars.
STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230
L
Property of Lear Siegler
H
Pressure gradient
L
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H
Pressure gradient
Wind
Property of Lear Siegler
Pressure gradient
Wind
Coriolis
Property of Lear Siegler
Pressure gradient
Wind
Coriolis
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Pressure gradient
Wind
Coriolis
Property of Lear Siegler
Pressure gradient
Wind
Coriolis
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Pressure gradient
Wind
Coriolis
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GRADIENT WIND
ABOVE 2000’
L
H
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H
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H
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L
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L
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Pressure gradient
Wind
Coriolis
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Break
Pressure gradient
Wind
Coriolis
Friction
Property of Lear Siegler
Pressure gradient
Wind
Coriolis
Friction
Property of Lear Siegler
Pressure gradient
Wind
Coriolis
Friction
Property of Lear Siegler
Pressure gradient
Wind
Coriolis
Friction
Property of Lear Siegler
SURFACE WIND
L
H
Property of Lear Siegler
GRADIENT WINDS / WINDS
ALOFT
H
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L
SURFACE WINDS
H
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L
360
270
090
180
Property of Lear Siegler
360
270
090
180
Property of Lear Siegler
360
270
090
180
WINDS ALOFT 180
Property of Lear Siegler
360
270
090
180
SURFACE WIND 150
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360
270
090
180
WINDS ALOFT 360
Property of Lear Siegler
360
270
090
180
SURFACE WINDS
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330
?????????
IF THE GRADIENT WIND AT 2500´ ABOVE
THE SURFACE IS FROM 270° WHAT
RUNWAY SHOULD YOU LAND ON?
Property of Lear Siegler
N
N
2500
Property of Lear Siegler
Property of Lear Siegler
ELO # 8
ACTION: Identify the characteristics of
high and low pressure systems.
CONDITION: From a list identify the
characteristics of a high or low
pressure system.
STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230
HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEMS
(ANTICYCLONE)
GENERAL WEATHER
• SINKING OF AIR NEAR CENTER
• DIVERGENCE
• FAVORABLE WEATHER
• LIGHT TO MODERATE WINDS
• POSSIBLE EARLY MORNING FOG
• LAYERS OF HAZE
• CENTER OF HIGH – CLEAR SKIES
Property of Lear Siegler
LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM
(CYCLONE)
GENERAL WEATHER
• LIFTING NEAR CENTER OF LOW
• CONVERGENCE
• MODERATE TO STRONG WINDS
• TURBULENCE
• CUMULIFORM CLOUDS
• RAIN SHOWERS AND/OR HAIL
• FRONTAL SYSTEMS
Property of Lear Siegler
ELO # 9
ACTION: Using Buys Ballot Law,
determine if an aircraft is flying toward
higher or lower pressure.
CONDITION: Given aircraft heading,
wind direction, or ground track,
determine if the aircraft is flying toward
high or low pressure.
STANDARD: IAW FM 1-230
BUYS BALLOT’S LAW
WITH YOUR BACK TO THE WIND, LOW
PRESSURE WILL TO YOUR LEFT
L
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H
WINDS ALOFT
H
L
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Ind
True
H
L
L
H
IND ALT
IND ALT
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FM 1-230 References
for today…
• Pressure 5-1 thru 5-7
• Atmospheric Circulation 6-6 thru
6-8
FM 1-230 References
for tomorrow…
• Moisture Chapter 4
• Stability Chapter 7
• Clouds Chapter 8
STOP
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