Transcript WHAT MAKES THE WIND?

Weather, Climate, and Me
Lesson 6
What make the wind?
Think about ….
• What did we learn from the last lesson about the
•
relationship between temperature and wind direction?
What evidence do we have about the movement of
weather from West to East?
WHAT CAUSES WIND?
WHY DO AIR MASSES MOVE?
WHAT MAKES THE WIND?
Weather, Climate, and ME
Lesson 6
What makes the wind?
What are the patterns of the prevailing
winds?
What we think about ……
• …the sun’s heating of the Earth, air
temperature, and how winds occur.
• Consider the following:
1. Air pressure and temperature
2. Air pressure changes at elevation
3. Air pressure expansion at elevation
Record your ideas.
Also consider that…..
• ….air pressure decreases with an increase
in elevation.
• ….air pressure is determined by the
weight of the air above.
• ….air pressure expands as the pressure
lowers and, as a result, the
• temperature decreases.
• (Recall the pop bottle experiment.)
Movement of air masses
requires energy.
• Where do you think this energy comes
from?
• How is this related to how winds occur?
Balloon Lab
(pages 20 and 21)
• Procedure:
1. Partially inflate the balloon and put it over the opening
of the flask.
2. Measure the circumference of the balloon.
3. Put the flask in warm water for ____ minutes, remove
and measure the circumference of the balloon.
4. Put the flask in cold water for ____ minutes, remove
and measure the circumference of the balloon.
5. Return the flask to room temperature and measure
the circumference of the balloon.
6. Make a data chart. What trends did you see?
7. Draw and label……..
How does temperature affect
the expansion of air?
Cool video #1
Cool video #2
Cool video #3
Share your ideas….
• Did you include….
1. why you think warm air expands and cold air
contracts?
2. a discussion of air movement in the flask and
balloon?
3. how this activity relates to air movement in the
atmosphere?
Discuss the following terms.
• Convection
• Molecules
• Density
• Expand
• Contract
• Air
How are these terms related in explaining
the results of your investigation?
Ask yourself the following….
• Did we observe convection in this investigation?
• Did we see/record evidence of…
1. …the movement of air due to expansion and
contraction?
2. …pressure caused by change of temperature?
3. …movement of air (rising warm air/sinking cold air)
due to density?
How could we set up a demonstration that
shows the movement of air due to
convection?
CONVECTION DEMONSTRATION
CONVECTION VIDEOS
Cool Convection Video #1
Cool Convection Video #2
Cool Convection Video #3
Cool Convection Video #4
What Makes the Wind?
• Read pages 22 and 23 in your journal.
• Highlight key terms and ideas
Surface Pressure Change Map
1. Lightly draw blue lines connecting equal values of the +2 millibars pressure
change.
Solution 1
…..continued
2. Using a blue pencil, draw the remaining “positive” pressure change value(s)
at two millibars intervals.
Solution 2
Solution 2
…..continued
3. Using red pencils draw a line connecting equal pressure values of less than 0.
4. Finally, using black, draw a line the zero line.
Solution 3
Solutions 3 and 4
…..continued
• Cold fronts are often located in areas where pressure
change is the greatest. The front represents the
boundary of different air masses. Cold air is more
dense than warm air so when a cold front passes
your location, the pressure increases. We analyze for
pressure change to look for these boundaries. We
can also tell where high pressure and low pressure
systems are moving by looking where the greatest
change is occurring.
5. Shade, in red, the region where the surface pressure change is -2 mb or less.
6. Shade, in blue, the region where the surface pressure change is +2 mb o rmore.
Solution 4
Answers 5 and 6
…and this is what it looks like
on a actual weather map.
Wrap Up Discussion
Discuss:
1. How the sun’s warming of the land and oceans
changes the temperature of the air.
2. Warmer, less dense, air masses rise pushed up by
the cooler denser air moving in.
3. Cooler air has molecules that are moving more
slowly and are closer together, making the air
denser.
Review you weather data chart.
• How does wind relate to an increase or
decrease in temperature? What is the
evidence to support your conclusion?
• What evidence do you have of warm air
being forced up by colder air moving
underneath.
• It is this air movement that creates the
wind.
Complete you journal entry.
Weather, Climate, and ME
Lesson 7
What happens when warm and cold
air masses meet?
How are clouds formed?
REVIEW
• What have you learned about what
makes the wind?
1. Warm air __________resulting in convection.
2. Describe the density of warm air compared to
cold air.
3. Describe the molecules of warm air compared to
cold air.
4. Describe mass of warm air compared to cold air.
….continued
• What are air masses?
They are large bodies of air about the same
temperature.
What do you think will happen if/when a
warm air mass and a cold air mass
come together?
LET’S FIND OUT!
CONVECTION CURRENTS
Mixing Cold and Hot Water
View this…
Cool Convection Video
Journal Entry pages 25 and 26
1. Draw and label what you think will happen when you
2.
3.
4.
remove the divider between the hot and cold water.
Explain why you think that will happen.
Draw and label what happened.
Explain your results. Use the terms convection and
density in your response.
Discuss:
• ….your observations.
• ….what you think is happening to the
warm and cold water.
• ….the patterns you observe.
• ….your explanation of why this is
happening.
• how this demonstrates what is happening
between warm and cold air masses in the
atmosphere.
Now What do you think about…
…what happens when warm and
cold air masses meet?
Weather Front Picture Set
• How does the warm and cold water behavior relate
•
•
•
to the pictures of warm and cold air?
Tell more about the area where the warm water
(air) and cold water (air) meet.
How does the weather front connect to your
understanding of the term convection? Density?
How does the demonstration (YouTube video) of
convection relate to weather fronts?
Compare and Contrast
Warm and Cold Fronts
• Check out the link above and ….
• relate your previous investigations to
what happens in the atmosphere and
the weather.
• Share you ideas.
Part 3
How Are Clouds Formed
• List your initial ideas using what you have
learned about air masses and how they
interact.
• Recall the 2 liter bottle air pressure
investigation.
Let’s Make a
Cloud in a Bottle
• Share your ideas and activity page
responses with the class. BaDaDup
BaDaDup BaDaDup!
• Cloud Formation - Check This Out!
• Share what you have just seen in your
own words. (Check your ideas with the
ones on the next slide.)
Here You Go
• When the sun warms the Earth, the air at ground level
that contains water vapor is heated and begins to rise
and as it rises, it begins to cool.
• Clouds form when the humid air is cooled because the
water condenses on tiny suspended particles (nucleus)
and forms droplets in the atmosphere.
• Also, when a warm air mass meets a mass of heavier
cold air, the warm air is also forced to rise. As the warm
air ascends, it cools (is under less pressure from the
atmosphere), and clouds form.
Interactive
Water Cycle
• Awesome YouTube Water Cycle
• Slightly Less Awesome YouTube Water Cycle
• Water Cycle Rap
Wrap up Discussion
and
Journal Entry
How does cloud formation in a bottle relate to cloud
formation in the atmosphere?
1. Pressure and temperature change in the bottle is like
2.
3.
rising warm air in the atmosphere.
Water in the bottle is like water vapor in the
atmosphere.
Smoke is like particulate matter in the atmosphere.
Why does temperature change from
one day to the next?
Consider the following…
1. Cold and warm air masses are to trends
in weather data.
2. Air masses, winds, cloud formation, and
the sun’s warming of the Earth.
Use you word sort cards to….
Complete your Journal Entry