Transcript Chapter 4 review powerpoint 2015

APES year in review
Chapter 4
The test will be long,
48 multiple choice
questions and 2 short
answer questions, so
begin when you get
to class!
Why do we need the ozone layer?
Why do we need the ozone layer?
To block harmful UV rays from the
sun
Which chemicals were responsible
for destroying the ozone layer?
Which chemicals were responsible
for destroying the ozone layer?
Chloroflorocarbons (CFCs) from air
conditioners, aerosol cans and the
manufacture of Styrofoam.
wind
Which side of the
Sierra Nevada
Mountains will
support giant
sequoias, a
redwood tree
species that
requires abundant
precipitation?
wind
Which side of the
Sierra Nevada
Mountains will
support giant
sequoias, a redwood
tree species that
requires abundant
precipitation? West
Side (windward)
List 3 to 6 factors which influence the climate
of an area.
List 3 to 6 factors which influence the climate
of an area.
Latitude, topography, winds, currents, coriolis
Effect, distance to water, elevation, season
Which latitude is going to get
the most direct sunlight?
Which latitude is going to get
the most direct sunlight? 0°
Which latitude is going to get
the least direct sunlight?
Which latitude is going to get
the least direct sunlight? 90°
42
40
38
Which site
would likely
be warmest?
LATITUDE
A

B
36
34
C
42
LATITUDE
40

Which site
would likely
be warmest?
38
36
34
C
42
40
38
Which site
would likely
be coolest?
LATITUDE
A

B
36
34
C
42
40
38
36
34
LATITUDE
A

Which site
would likely
be coolest?
North Pole vs. Equator

Q: Where is sun most intense on this
figure?
B
A
North Pole vs. Equator

Q: Where is sun most intense on this
figure?
A
What is the name of this effect?
YLHS
Rainshadow Effect
YLHS
Which letter is near a warm current
and how does that affect its
climate?
C
A
B
C, it makes it warmer
C
A
B
Name zone A and is this cold
or warm water? winds
upwelling
B
A
Abyssal or midnight zone.
Cold. Which letter has the
most nutrient rich water?
winds upwelling
B
A
A. Benthic zone. Which letter/zone
has the most abundant marine life?
winds upwelling
B
A
A. Which letter has the
most plankton? winds
upwelling
B
A
A. Which letter has the
most plankton? B winds
upwelling
B
A
Look at the picture below and
identify the season in the northern
hemisphere.
Look at the picture below and
identify the season in the northern
hemisphere. winter
Which way do winds and currents
curve in the northern hemisphere?
A
B
Which way do winds and currents
curve in the northern hemisphere? A
A
To the right
Is
Fair Weather
High
or low pressure?
High
pressure = Dry
Weather
Where do phytoplankton live?
Where do phytoplankton live?
In the photic zone
 Where
are most tropical
rainforests found?
Where
are most tropical
rainforests found? Equator
What
global wind
system blows
between 60 and 90
degrees?
Polar
easterlies.
6. Name the global wind
located at the90 smiley face:
°
60
°
60
°
30
°
30
°
0°
30
°
30
°
60
°
60
°
90
°
6. Name the global wind located at
the smiley face:
trade
winds
90
°
60
°
60
°
30
°
30
°
0°
30
°
30
°
60
°
60
°
90
°
9. Name the ocean zone with
the smiley face.
9. Name the ocean zone with
the smiley face. Aphotic zone
21. Determine if the current at the smiley
face is a warm current or a cold current.
21. Determine if the current at the smiley
face is a warm current or a cold current.
What would happen to the climate of western
Europe if the Gulf Stream shut down?
What would happen to the climate of western
Europe if the Gulf Stream shut down? Get
colder, less precipitation
13. Which point is warmer, A or B?
B
A
13. Which point is warmer, A or B?
B
A
14. Which point is warmer, A or B?
B
A
14. Which point is warmer, A or B?
B
A
15. Which temperature profile is like the stratosphere’s temperature profile?
15.
Which temperature profile is like the stratosphere’s temperature profile?
Thermosphere
16. Which temperature profile is like the troposphere’s temperature profile?
16. Which temperature profile is like the troposphere’s temperature profile?
Troposphere
17. Which layer has concentrated ozone that blocks UV light?
17. Which layer has concentrated ozone that blocks UV light? Stratosphere
18. Which layer blocks ultra violet rays?
18. Which layer blocks ultra violet rays? stratosphere
What has higher air pressure, the
top of a mountain or the bottom of a
mountain?
What has higher air pressure, the
top of a mountain or the bottom of a
mountain? Bottom
What has higher air pressure, the
bottom of the troposphere or the
tropopause?
What has higher air pressure, the
bottom of the troposphere or the
tropopause?
Bottom of troposphere
What is the basis for dividing the
atmosphere into 4 layers?
What is the basis for dividing the
atmosphere into 4 layers? Change
in Temperature trends (pauses)
What layer of the atmosphere
has the most ozone?
What layer of the atmosphere
has the most ozone?
What is ozone?
What is ozone? A molecule of
3 oxygen atoms
What does ozone block?
What does ozone block? UV
rays.
Name two latitudes that usually
have weather dominated by high
pressure systems.
Name two latitudes that usually
have weather dominated by high
pressure systems. 30º and 90º
What is albedo?
What is albedo? A measure of a
materials reflectiveness
What factors are used to classify a
biome?
What factors are used to classify a
biome? Temperature and precipitation
and plants and soil
Which has bigger trees, the tundra
or the boreal forest?
Which has bigger trees, the tundra
or the boreal forest? Why?
Which has bigger trees, the tundra or the
boreal forest? Why? Boreal forest has a
longer growing season (more light and
precip because it is at a lower latitude)
Which biome has plants with small leaves
to minimize evapotranspiration?
Which biome has plants with small leaves
to minimize evapotranspiration? desert
What latitude has the greatest
fluctuation in monthly NPP?
What latitude has the greatest fluctuation
in monthly NPP? 90° Why?
What latitude has the greatest fluctuation
in monthly NPP? 90° Why? It has the
greatest fluctuation in daylight hours
What effect is increasing the NPP
in the red coastal areas below?
What effect is increasing the NPP in the
red coastal areas below? upwelling
Which zone of a lake has the
lowest NPP?
Which zone of a lake has the lowest
NPP? Profundal or benthic zone
Some whales get 25% of their nutrients
from benthic invertebrates. If one whale
eats 500 kilograms of food a day, how
many kilograms of benthic invertebrates
are eaten by a pod of 5 whales in 4 days?
Some whales get 25% of their nutrients
from benthic invertebrates. If one whale
eats 500 kilograms of food a day, how
many kilograms of benthic invertebrates
are eaten by a pod of 5 whales in 4 days?
0.25 x 500 kg/day =125 kg per day
125 kg/day *5 whales = 625 kg per whale
625 kg per whale * 5 whales = 3125 kg
Is this the windward or
leeward side of the Sierra
Nevada Mountains in CA?
Is this the windward or
leeward side of the Sierra
Nevada Mountains in CA?
Which is the windward side?
A
B
Which is the windward side? A
A
B
Which city is in a tropical rain forest?
Which city is in a tropical rain forest? A
Where should you put the temperate
rain forests?
Where should you put the temperate
rain forests?
Which 2 cities are in a rain shadow
desert?
Which 2 cities are in a rain shadow
desert?
Westerlies
Westerlies
Which city is on the windward side of a
mountain?
Which city is on the windward side of a
mountain?
Westerlies
Westerlies
Which city is likely influenced by a cold current in
the northern hemisphere?
Which city is likely influenced by a cold current in
the northern hemisphere? H
Which city is likely influenced by a cold current in
the southern hemisphere?
Which city is likely influenced by a cold current in
the southern hemisphere? G
Which city is likely influenced by a warm current in
the northern hemisphere?
Which city is likely influenced by a warm current in
the northern hemisphere? B
Which city is going to get the most daylight
hours in June?
Which city is going to get the most daylight
hours in June?
Which tropical city would likely get snow?
Which tropical city would likely get snow?
After you color in all the tropical and temperate rain forests
and the deserts, what should the other areas be?
After you color in all the tropical and temperate rain forests
and the deserts, what should the other areas be?
Grasslands
What latitude has deserts and why?
What latitude has deserts and why?
30º N and 30º S because of the high
pressure air.
What latitude has rain forests and why?
What latitude has rain forests and why?
0º N because of low pressure

Figure 9-5a Global air circulation
Rain shadow
Figure 9-6 Rain shadow
Layers of the Atmosphere




Troposphere
---------Tropopause
Stratosphere
--------- Stratopause
Mesosphere
--------- Mesopause
Thermosphere
Composition of the troposphere
• 78% N2
• 20% O2
• Less than 2%
•
•
•
•
H2O vapor (.01%-4%)
Argon gas (1%)
CO2 (0.04%)
Trace gases
Global warming
The greenhouse effect is natural and
important to deep the earth warm enough for
life to exist


Global warming occurs when humans
contribute too much of these greenhouse
gases leading to a small (1-3 degree C)
but significant rise in the global average
temperature.
Analogy – Car on a sunny day
Ozone (O3)
Tropospheric ozone is BAD
•If we breath it, it causes lung damage
•It is also a greenhouse gas



Stratospheric ozone is GOOD
It shields us from the harmful UVB rays of
the sun.
Ozone depletion is the thinning of the
stratospheric ozone shield (mostly over the
South Pole, Australia story)
Analogy – Stratospheric O3 is like sunscreen
for the earth.