Transcript The Atmosphere

Bell Work 2/11/14
On your desk:
1. I.N.
2. Pencil/Pen
3. PRIDE Cards
1. What percentage do you think you earned on the
Oceans Exam?
2. How long did you study?
3. How did you study?
- Notecards
- Online quizzes
- Quizzed a friend
- Etcetera, Etcetera, Etcetera
1
Oceans Exam data
The Atmosphere
It’s time to move up in
the world!
The Atmosphere
As you view this time-lapse video write down 3 things
that occur in the Earth’s atmosphere.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3L6p1zDs6k
The Atmosphere
Atmosphere: the layer of gases that surrounds Earth.
Atmospheric Composition
Air is a combination of gases and solid particles.
Atmospheric Composition
Earth’s atmosphere consists
mainly of nitrogen (78%)
and oxygen (21%).
The amounts of nitrogen
and oxygen in the
atmosphere are fairly
constant over time.
Atmospheric Composition
The concentrations of some atmospheric
gases are not as constant over time as the
concentrations of N and O.
• Water vapor
• Carbon Dioxide
Atmospheric Composition
• During the past 150 years,
the concentration of
atmospheric carbon
dioxide has increased.
• Carbon dioxide traps
warm air in our
atmosphere and leads to
• ….Global warming!
Atmospheric Composition
What about the Ozone layer??
The ozone layer blocks harmful
ultraviolet rays from reaching
Earth’s surface.
Molecules of ozone are formed by
the addition of an oxygen atom to
an oxygen molecule.
O3
Atmospheric Composition
Earth’s atmosphere also contains solids in the form
of tiny particles, such as dust, salt, and ice.
Atmospheric Layers
The atmosphere is classified into five different
layers:
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Inosphere
Exosphere
Cut!
Bell Work 2/12/14
1. What are the 5 layers of
the atmosphere?
•Troposphere
•Stratosphere
•Mesosphere
•Thermosphere
•Exosphere
On your desk:
1. I.N.
2. Pencil/Pen
3. PRIDE Cards
4. iPad
2. Can you come up with a
fun acronym to remember
the layers in order??
15
The Atmospheric Layers
Foldable
Cut!
Atmospheric
Layers
The atmosphere
is
classified into five
different layers:
Exosphere
Thermosphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere
Foldable
• What do you need in it??
• For each layer you should include the following
information:
1. What it’s name stands for. Ex: Tropo= “turning” or “change”
2. As you increase in altitude, temperature __________.
3. As you increase in altitude, pressure __________.
4. Two amazing facts about this layer.
Research
• Text book: pages 4-9 OR
• Use your online text book to fill in your foldable
Foldable DUE Tuesday
• There will be a quiz over the material!!!!
Bell Work 2/13/14
1. What happens to the
temperature in the Mesosphere
as the altitude increases?
•The temperature in the
mesosphere decreases.
On your desk:
1. I.N.
2. Pencil/Pen
3. PRIDE Cards
4. iPad
2. What happens to the
temperature in the stratosphere
as the altitude increases?
•The temperature in the
stratosphere increases.
24
Bell Work 2/14/14
On your desk:
1. I.N.
2. Pencil/Pen
3. PRIDE Cards
1.Write down one amazing fact about:
• Troposphere• Stratosphere• Mesosphere• Thermosphere-
25
Troposphere
•
Tropo= “turning” or “change”
•
As you increase in altitude, temperature decreases.
•
As you increase in altitude, pressure decreases.
•
Facts:
•
90% of the atmosphere’s total mass.
•
Weather occurs here.
•
Gases are constantly mixing.
Stratosphere
•
Strato– “layers”
•
As you increase in altitude, temperature increases.
•
As you increase in altitude, pressure decreases.
•
Facts:
•
Gases are layered and don’t mix
•
Ozone layer
•
Air is thin and contains very little moisture.
Mesosphere
•
Meso– “middle”
•
As you increase in altitude, temperature decreases.
•
As you increase in altitude, pressure decreases.
•
Facts:
•
Middle layer
•
Coldest layer (-93 degrees C)
•
Thermosphere
Thermo– “heat”
•
As you increase in altitude, temperature increases.
•
As you increase in altitude, pressure decreases.
•
Facts:
•
Atoms of N and O absorb high-energy solar radiation and
release thermal energy.
•
1,000 degrees C or higher But… it does not feel hot! (temp
is different from heat)
•
Charged particles cause shimmering lights called auroras!
Exosphere
•
Exo – “outside” or “beyond”
•
As you increase in altitude, temperature decreases.
•
As you increase in altitude, pressure decreases.
•
Facts:
•
The transitional region between Earth’s atmosphere and
outer space
•
Most satellites orbit in this layer.
What do I do now??
•
Work on your Atmosphere
foldable
•
•
Study it!! Quiz Tuesday!
If you are re-taking the Oceans
Exam review foldable and study
Guide
Bell Work 2/18/14
1. In which layers does the
temperature decrease when
altitude increases?
•The Troposphere, Mesosphere,
and Exosphere.
On your desk:
1. I.N.
2. Pencil/Pen
3. PRIDE Cards
2. In which atmospheric layer is
the ozone layer found?
•The Stratosphere.
32
Atmosphere Worksheet
Materials Needed:
•
Scissors
•
Colored pencils
•
Glue
•
pencil
Bell Work 2/19/14
On your desk:
1. iPad
2. Pencil/Pen
3. PRIDE Cards
What two electives do you want to take
next year? Give at least two reasons why
you want to take each.
Atmosphere Video
•
BBC
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJUq6b8_jr4
Bell Work 2/20/14
1. Which layer protects
the Earth from
meteors?
•
Mesosphere
2. In which layer do
space shuttles orbit?
•
Thermosphere
On your desk:
1. I.N.
2. Pencil/Pen
3. PRIDE Cards
4. Atmosphere
worksheet
You are lying in a park. Your eyes
are closed, and you feel the warmth
of the sun on your face….
•
Have you ever stopped to think that it takes a little
more than 8 minutes for the energy that warms your
face to travel from a star that is 149,000,000 km
away?!
Where do we get
our energy??
How is energy transferred
(moved) in the atmosphere??
•Radiation
•Convection
•Conduction
Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
The Earth receives energy from the sun by radiation.
Radiation is the transfer energy as electromagnetic waves.
Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
Only 2 billionths of the sun’s energy makes it to Earth!
What happens to solar energy once it enters the
atmosphere???
• 25% is reflected by
clouds and air
• 20% is absorbed by
ozone, clouds and
atmospheric gases.
• 5% is reflected by
the Earth’s surface
• 50% is absorbed by
the Earth
Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
Have you ever touched anything hot??
Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy between
objects when their atoms or molecules collide.
Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
When air molecules come into direct contact
with the warm surface of Earth, thermal energy
is transferred to the atmosphere.
Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by the
movement of heated material from one place to another.
Fill in the blanks!!!
As air is heated, it becomes less __________and rises.
Cool air is denser, so it ______________. As the cool air
__________________, it pushes the warm air up.
The cool air is eventually _______________ by the Earth’s
surface and begins to ________again.
This cycle of warm air _________and cool air
________________causes a circular movement of air,
called a convection current
Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
As air is heated, it becomes less dense and rises.
Cool air is denser, so it sinks. As the cool air sinks, it
pushes the warm air up.
The cool air is eventually heated by the Earth’s
surface and begins to rise again.
This cycle of warm air rising and cool air sinking
causes a circular movement of air, called a
convection current
Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?v=wr8Z4SCETPs
It is time to Practice
Use the text book (or online text) to
complete the worksheet provided!
Warm-up 2/21/14
•
What are the three ways
energy is transferred in the
atmosphere?
•
Radiation, conduction, and
convection
•
Where is the energy source
during the process of
conduction?
•
The Earth’s crust
Section 11.3
Clouds and Precipitation
Demo: Cloud in a Bottle
•Materials:
•Plastic
Bottle
•Warm Water
•Match
Demo: Cloud in a Bottle
•
Clouds are formed when water droplets in the air cool and
then collect on dust particles.
•
In this demonstration, the dust particles were provided by the
smoke from the match.
•
The air inside the bottle was cooled by releasing the pressure
after the bottle was squeezed.
•
The temperature is changed by squeezing the bottle: the
amount of air within the bottle is constant, but squeezing the
plastic bottle changes the volume of the gas. Expanding the
bottle causes a lowering of the air temperature – in this case,
enough to cause the water gas to form a liquid – the cloud.
Cloud Formation
•
Clouds in the atmosphere are formed the same
way!
•
Clouds are formed when air containing water vapor
is cooled and moisture condenses into droplets on
microscopic dust particles (condensation nuclei) in
the atmosphere. The air is cooled by expansion
during its upward movement.
Section 11.3
Clouds and Precipitation
Cloud Formation
A condensation nucleus is a
small particle in the atmosphere
around which water droplets can
form.
When the number of these
droplets is large enough, a cloud
is visible.
Types of Clouds
Clouds are generally classified
by the altitudes at which they
form and by their shapes.
Latin Root
Meaning
Cumulus
Stratus
Cirrus
nimbus
Heap
Layer
Curl of hair
rain
Section 11.3
Clouds and Precipitation
Types of Clouds
Low clouds- Low clouds are of mostly composed
of water droplets since their bases generally lie
below 6,500 feet.
Middle clouds- they are composed primarily of water
droplets,sometimes ice. The bases of mid-level clouds
typically appear between 6,500 to 20,000 feet
High clouds- High-level clouds form above 20,000
feet and since the temperatures are so cold at such
high elevations, these clouds are primarily composed
of ice crystals.
Precipitation
The water cycle
Water moves
from Earth to the
atmosphere and
back to Earth in
the water cycle.
Precipitation
All forms of water that fall from clouds to the ground
are precipitation.
Rain, snow, sleet, and hail are the four main types of
precipitation.
Review Games online:
•
Convection, Conduction and Radiation Jeopardyhttp://www.superteachertools.com/jeopardy/usergames/Oct2011
41/game1318347796.php
•
Beat the Heat- http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/beat-the-heat/en/
•
Layers of the Earth Trivia Gamehttp://calipsooutreach.hamptonu.edu/atrivia.swf
•
Ordering the Layers of the Atmospherehttp://www.noc.soton.ac.uk/o4s/int/atmosphere/#
•
Atmosphere Quizhttp://www.geography4kids.com/extras/quiz_atmintro/index.html
•
Cloud Matching- http://eo.ucar.edu/webweather/cloudmatch.html