Atmosphere Notes
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Transcript Atmosphere Notes
Atmosphere Notes
Drill: In the atmosphere, what
happens to the temperature as we
increase altitude (rise)? Why?
Objective: SWBAT review concepts
related to the composition and
layers of the atmosphere in order to
prepare for the quiz.
HW: Study
Composition
The atmosphere is made of:
Nitrogen (78%) Used for growth &
repair of cells.
Oxygen (21%) Used to release energy
for plants and animals.
1% Other gases:
Carbon Dioxide (0.036) Waste product for
animals. Plants use for energy.
Argon, Neon, Helium, Methane, Krypton,
and Hydrogen.
Layers classified by temperature changes
Troposphere: Conditions
extremely variable. Weather occurs
here. As we increase height our
temp. decreases due to increased
distance from Earth (source of
warmth)
Stratosphere: Contains Ozone (3
oxygen) which allows for temp. to
increase as you rise through the
atmosphere.
Layers of the Atmosphere Con’t
Mesosphere: Meteor burn up in this
layer. Temp. decreases as height
increases due to movement away from
heat source (ozone layer).
Thermosphere: Temp. increases as
height increases due to direct contact
with sun’s energy.
Ionosphere: Aurora Borealis, radio waves
bounce off
Exosphere: Little to nothing in here.
Satellites orbit
Trends
Density: Density (the amount of
stuff in a given amt. of space)
decreases as height increases due
to gravity.
Pressure: Force applied due to
weight of substance.
Decreases as height increases.
Gravity: Force that holds our
atmosphere in place.
Vocabulary
Atmosphere: Layer of gases that
surrounds Earth.
Weather: Condition of Earth’s
atmosphere at a particular time and
place.
Ozone: Form of oxygen that has 3
atoms.
Absorbs UV radiation
Holds in heat.
Factors Affecting Weather Review
Characteristics of Air
Mass: weight
Density: Amount of stuff (material) in a given
amount of space.
Pressure: Amount of force on a given area.
Measuring Air Pressure: Barometer
(inches, milibars)
Mercury: Liquid mercury rises in the cylinder
as air pressure increases.
Anaroid: Solid thin metal walls that expand or
push in based on atmospheric pressure.
Changes in the Troposphere
As altitude increases temperature,
density, and pressure decrease.
Energy in the Atmosphere
Electromagnetic Waves: The sun’s
energy that travels in waves through
space.
3 types of electromagnetic waves reach
our planet
Visible Light: Roy G. Biv
Infrared Radiation: Felt as heat.
Ultraviolet Radiation: Least amount, causes
skin cancer.
Energy must first pass the atmosphere
Light can be either reflected or absorbed in
the atmosphere.
Scattering: Reflection in all directions.
Blue light scatters most making the day skies
appear.
Morning & Evening skies appear pink and red
because light strikes at an angle causing blue
light to scatter even more.
Reflection: Clouds, dust, and gas.
Absorption: Caused by ozone gases and
particles.
Energy Strikes the Surface of Earth
Energy that makes it through the
atmosphere strikes Earth’s surface.
Absorption: It can be absorbed
heating both land and water.
Felt as heat (Infrared Radiation) and
trapped by atmosphere called
“Greenhouse Effect”
Reflected: Some is reflected back
into atmosphere.
Heat Transfer : Moving from a hotter
object to a cooler object.
Temperature: Average amount of
energy of a substance and measured in
Celsius (0 – 100) and Fahrenheit (32 –
212).
3 Types of Transfer
Radiation: Directly from sun to object.
Conduction: Contact; from 1 object to
another.
Convection: Transfer of heat by
movement of fluid. Ex: boiling a hot dog,
troposphere.
Local Winds: Unequal heating of land
and water, smaller area, changes
Local Winds can be found near a large body of water
and around mountainous areas.
Sea breezes: Occur during the day time when warm
air rises from the land and is replaced by cooler air
coming from the sea.
Land breezes: Occur at night when cool air from land
blows out to replace warmer air rising from sea.
Monsoons: Land/sea breezes that occur over a larger
area and carry a lot of water with them.
Mountain breezes: Winds and air masses are
funneled up the mountain during the day and directed
down the mountain at night when cooler.
Global Winds: Unequal heating of
globe, larger area, steady.
Warm air rises near equator and falls
at poles creating wind belts.
Coriolis Effect: Due to rotation of the
Earth winds do not follow a straight
path.
Northern hemisphere: Turns to right.
Southern hemisphere: Turns to left.
3 major belts:
Trade winds: Blow from NE to SW
Prevailing Westerlies: Blow from SW to
NE
Polar Easterlies: Blow away from poles,
East to West
Other Areas
Areas of Inactivity due to rising or
falling air masses.
Doldrums: Rising air near equator.
Horse Latitudes: Falling air (30 degrees
North).
Jet Stream: Bands of high wind 10
km above Earth’s surface blowing
from West to East.