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Environmental Controls I/IG Lecture 10 Passive Thermal Systems Passive Thermal Systems Genius Loci + Microclimate + Vernacular Precedent = Architectural form as an environmental control system Passive Thermal Systems Genius Loci Environmental Forces Earth Wind Fire Water Passive Thermal Systems Earth Contact Thermal mass Wind shelter Solar exposure Passive Thermal Systems Earthlike forms Thermal mass Wind shelter Solar “canyons” Marriot Library Salt Lake City, Utah Passive Thermal Systems Earth-based materials Adobe, Brick, Stone Natural material source Thermal mass Locally available Traditional and modern uses Passive Thermal Systems Earthscaping Natural materials Shelter/screening Locally available Passive Thermal Systems Wind Wind Tower Wind scoop Evaporative cooling Thermal mass cooling Passive Thermal Systems Wind Warm air rises Attic ventilation Solar chimneys Passive Thermal Systems Fire Solar chimney Morse-Libby Mansion Portland, Maine Passive Thermal Systems Wind Air movement affects comfort Cross ventilation provides cooling Passive Thermal Systems Fire Solar Angles Summer & Winter solstices Verdant and Autumnal equinoxes Passive Thermal Systems Fire Skin Surface Effects Color Reflectivity Position Passive Thermal Systems Fire Skin Thermal Mass Increasing thermal mass delays heat penetration Passive Thermal Systems Fire Interior Solar Control Interior shading reduces depth of solar penetration but still admits heat Passive Thermal Systems Fire Site Solar Control Evergreen trees fairly constant Deciduous trees vary seasonally Passive Thermal Systems Fire Exterior Solar Control Sheltered openings (apertures) Passive Thermal Systems Water Evapotranspiration Landscaping elements provide moisture Passive Thermal Systems Water Interior plantings can give off/trap moisture Use according to local climate Passive Thermal Systems Water Evaporative cooling Water features add to evaporative cooling (but increase humidity) Passive Thermal Systems Water Air directed over or through water can provide cooling Use according to local climate Passive Thermal Systems Microclimate Fountain, recesses, and channeled breezes provide cooling Building controls exposure to onshore winds SF School of Design San Francisco, CA Passive Thermal Systems Microclimate Evaporative cooling Building exposed to surrounding landscape Pool, overhangs, and channeled breezes provide cooling Taliesin West Phoenix, AZ Passive Thermal Systems Vernacular Precedents Drawn from Genius Loci Can be adapted to contemporary design Passive Thermal Systems Genius Loci + Microclimate + Vernacular Precedent = Architectural form as an environmental control system