Transcript Pressure - Lake Orion Community Schools

Atmosphere
Study Guide
Air Pressure
Textbook pages 4 &5
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Layers of the Atmosphere
Textbook pages 6-9
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Directions
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Read through each slide one at a time.
Whenever you see a “Question”
*write your answer on the answer
sheet before moving on.
You may use your textbook or notes.
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AIR
PRESSURE
REVIEW
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If you were lost in the desert, you
could survive for a few days
without food and water.
 However, you wouldn’t last more
than 5 minutes without the
atmosphere.

Question #1: Why wouldn’t you last
more than 5 minutes?
(Always place your answer on your answer sheet)
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Hopefully, you answered correctly.
We can last a few days without food
and water, but we need air to breathe.
We would also need the atmosphere to
protect us from sun’s damaging rays.
-The ozone traps the harmful ultraviolet
light
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Question #2:
In your own words, what
is the Atmosphere?
(If you know, write your answer down on the answer sheet. If
you don’t know or wish to verify, you can look it up on page 4 in
your textbook before moving on. )
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 With
the opportunity to
look it up, I’m sure you
answered correctly.
 The
Atmosphere is the
“layer of gases that
surrounds the Earth.”
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Composition of
Atmosphere
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In class, we talked about all of the
gases that are in the atmosphere. We
even did a pie graph of the gases.
Question #3: What two gases
make up most of the Earth’s
atmosphere.
(If you are unsure of the answer or wish to verify, please go to page 4
in your textbook, left side)
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Nitrogen=This is the most abundant
gas. It comes from all the dead plants
and dead animals breaking down year
after year. Volcanoes erupt and give
off nitrogen, too.
Oxygen=This is the 2nd most abundant
gas. It is released by plants and little
plankton in the water give off a lot of it
also.
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After Nitrogen and Oxygen…
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We learned the next two main gases
are Argon and Carbon Dioxide.
Finally, trace gases.
Question #4: What does it mean when
scientists say trace gases?
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I hope you made a good
guess!
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Trace gases are gases that are
incredibly small.
Some trace gases could be water
vapor, krypton, and xenon.
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
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With all that nitrogen,
oxygen, argon, carbon
dioxide and traces
gases pushing down on
you it builds up
pressure.
Pressure is the column
of air that is above
you.
There is so much air
above you that you
have 14.7 pounds per
square inch pushing on
you!
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Question #5:
With all of that air pushing down us
(14.7 pounds per square inch), why are
we not crushed?
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WHY?
I hope you got it….
Air pressure is equal in all
directions.
 So, air pushes equally on all
sides of us. The forces are
balanced!
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Air Pressure
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Pressure is a force that
acts over a certain
area.
With air pressure, the
force will always try to
equalize.
You see this when you
get a hole in your
bicycle tire.
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Tire Example/Balls
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Air inside a tire or
a ball pushes
against the sides.
The more air we
put into a ball, the
more the molecules
push.
The air pressure is
high and if the tire
or ball “pops” the
air will rush out of
the object to
equalize.
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Question #6:
When air pressure tries to equalize, will
it go from areas of low to high
pressure, or high to low pressure?
Explain.
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Way to go. Air pressure always wants
to go from areas of high pressure to
areas of low pressure.
Remember our elevator example. If
you were jammed into an elevator with
many people and the doors open, you
would want to rush out into the
walkway. You would try to equalize the
pressure, just like air does.
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Question #7:
•We have discussed and
looked at these two photos
in our textbook.
•Why are there fewer
molecules at higher
altitudes and more
molecules at lower
altitudes?
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There are less molecules due to the
gravitational pull of the Earth’s
atmosphere.
Remember our “claw” example. The
gravitational pull is greater at Earth’s
surface which means more molecules
closer to Earth. The pull is less as you
increase altitude, which means less
molecules.
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
Question #8:
If you were to climb Mount Everest,
you would become very cold as you
climbed to the summit. You may even
experience severe weather changes.
Explain why air temperature changes
as you increase altitude.
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Air temperature changes as altitude
increases.
There are less gases to absorb the
sun’s energy (heat).
Cold Up
Here…see the
snow!
Warm Down
Here…
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Altitude and Density
Question #9:
Another thing that would
happen to you when you
climb Mount Everest
would be difficulty in
breathing. Why?
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You guessed it! As you increase
altitude, you decrease gases.
A climber has less oxygen to go into
their lungs as they go higher and
higher. Therefore, they need an
oxygen tank to reach the top.
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Earth’s
Atmosphere
Review
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•We learned that
technology helped
scientists realize
the atmosphere
existed beyond
our Earth.
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Question #1:
 What
did scientists decide
to use in order to
determine the layers of
the atmosphere?
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Correct!
Each
layer is based on its
temperature.
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Temperature and the
Troposphere
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Close to Earth:
temperature at
surface is warmed
by the earth
absorbing energy
from the sun.
The air cools by
about 44°F for
every mile above
the ground.
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TROPOSPHERE
The Troposphere layer contains the
most matter and mass of any of the
layers.
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Question #2:
Name “5” things you would find in
the troposphere layer.
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Some possible items…
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People, animals, water, weather,
clouds, planes, cars, kites, helicopters,
mountains, a lot of oxygen, plants,
etc.
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Temperature and the
Stratosphere
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At the bottom of the
Stratosphere, it very
cold.
At the top of the
Stratosphere it gets
very warm.
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Stratopshere
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Question #3:
What is in the Stratosphere layer that
would cause the upper part of it to
suddenly get so warm?
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Ozone
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The Stratosphere contains the Ozone
Layer. The Ozone’s gases traps the
sun’s harmful ultra-violet energy waves
and makes that area very warm.
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Also in the Stratosphere..
We also stated that the Jet Stream is
found here.
 Question #4:
a. Why is the Jet Stream important to
the United States?
b. What direction does the Jet Stream
travel?
c. Why do pilots like the Jet Stream?
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Jet Stream
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a.The
jet stream is important to the
U.S. for it gives us all of our weather
patterns.
b.WE love the jet stream…west to
east direction.
c.Pilots enjoy using the jet stream
when they can to make quicker
travel time and save money on gas.
d.
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Temperature and the
Mesosphere
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This layer has no
molecules in it.
It does not
absorb energy
from the sun, so it
is freezing!
Check out
those negative
numbers!
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MESOSPHERE
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Question #5:
What wonderful thing happens in the
Mesosphere that helps the Earth every
single day?
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Burns ‘em Up!!
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You guessed it. The Mesosphere is so
cold that it “burns” up the meteors
that shower us throughout the day.
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Temperature and the
Thermosphere
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The air is so thin here
that it takes special
instruments to measure
the temperature
accurately.
So even though it is
very hot (over 1832°F),
it would feel cold in
places because there
are so few particles to
transfer heat to you.
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The Thermosphere
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Very top layer
Air is very, very thin, about
1/1000th as dense as the air
where we live
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“Thermo” means heat
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Question #6:
What is the lower and
upper part of the
Thermosphere called?
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The Ionosphere-lower portion
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Energy from sun strips the
electrons from the gas
molecules creating charged
particles called ions.
Radio waves can bounce off of
ions, allowing radio waves to
travel great distances.
The aurora borealis (Northern
Lights) occur here
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The Exosphere-Upper Portion
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“Exo” means outer
Extends for 1000’s
of miles
Satellites orbit
here
No definite edge
Molecules
gradually escape
out into space
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Question #7: Answer the
following…..
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a.Which
layer has the most amount
of gases found in it?
b.Which layer is the hottest?
c.Which layer contains living
organisms?
d.Which layer contains satellites?
e.Which layer contains shooting
stars?
f.
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a.Troposphere
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b.Thermosphere
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c.Troposphere
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d.Thermosphere’s
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e.Mesosphere
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Exosphere Portion
FANTASTIC JOB.
Log off/plug in lap top.
Put this assignment in your folder.
If time, use your study strips.
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