Transcript Final Exam (S2)Unified Science

Which of the following items are
true about testing materials:
0 Materials must be available or
attainable
0 Materials must be approved by the
teacher
0 Use of materials must be supervised by
a qualified adult
0 Materials must be safe to use
0 All of the above
Which of the following items are
true about subjects for inquiries:
0 Subjects can only be people
0 Human subjects must volunteer, must be
available to participate, must understand
what they will be expected to do and must
be allowed to stop participating at any time.
0 Science studies must be approved by the
science board of directors
0 All of the above
0 None of the above
Which of the following items are
true about scientific observations:
0 Involves the five (5) senses
0 Observations can be objective or
subjective
0 Observations trigger the question
that leads to an inquiry
0 All of the above are correct
0 Observations only happen in
laboratories
What is the maximum number of
test subjects that can be used in a
scientific inquiry?
0 There is no maximum number
0 There must be at least 50 test subjects to
have accurate data.
0 High school students can have tests in
many subjects in the same day.
0 There are only 3 variables used in a
scientific inquiry.
0 Test subjects cannot be numbered.
Which of the following items are
true about inquiry procedures:
0 Procedures must give specific step-by-
step instructions about how the study is
tested from beginning to conclusion
0 Procedures are required for others to
repeat the study
0 Procedures must be clearly worded and
easy to follow
0 All of the above
0 None of the above
Which of the following answers explains
the difference between objective and
subjective observations:
0 Objective observations are based on opinion and
subjective observations are based on facts.
0 Objective observations have specific math equations
involved and are hard to describe.
0 Subjective observations are only done in a library with
reference books that are organized alphabetically by
subject.
0 Subjective observations are based on opinion and
objective observations are based on facts.
0 Objective observations can be done with a computer
and have pictures of the things that you are researching.
In a scientific inquiry, the item or idea
that you are testing with the inquiry is
called the __________.
0 Unknown variable
0 Independent variable
0 Control variable
0 Dependent variable
0 Missing variable
What is the minimum number of
research subjects that should be used in
an inquiry?
0 Three
0 Five
0 Twenty
0 There is no minimum number
0 None of the above
Which of the following items are true
about a valid hypothesis:
0 The materials and subjects needed to
test the hypothesis must be available to
you or must be obtainable.
0 The hypothesis must be testable. (can be
proven to be right or wrong)
0 The hypothesis must clearly answer
your research question.
0 The hypothesis must be stated in the
“If…Then…Because” format.
0 All of the above
Which of the following items are true
about research questions:
0 the question must be answerable,
researchable and logical.
0 research questions are developed as the
result of an observation
0 it must be worded as a question that
can only be answered with “yes” or “no”
0 all of the above are true
0 none of the above are true
The primary source of energy for
the Earth’s atmosphere is:
0 Energy from within the Earth
0 The Sun
0 Erupting Volcanoes
0 Lightning discharges associated
with Thunderstorms.
0 Latent heat released during the
formation of hurricanes
The most abundant gases in the
Earth’s atmosphere by volume
are:
0 Oxygen and helium
0 Oxygen and water vapor
0 Nitrogen and oxygen
0 Oxygen and ozone
0 Carbon dioxide and nitrogen
Water vapor is:
0 A gas
0 A cloud droplet
0 A rain drop
0 A snowflake
0 none of the above
The only substance near the Earth’s
surface that is found naturally in the
atmosphere as a solid, liquid and a gas:
0 carbon dioxide
0 water
0 molecular oxygen
0 ozone
0 carbon
The most abundant gas emitted from
volcanoes is:
0 nitrogen
0 sulfur dioxide
0 helium
0 carbon dioxide
0 water vapor
The atmospheric layer in which
we live is called the:
0 Troposphere
0 Stratosphere
0 Thermosphere
0 Ionosphere
0 Exosphere
A change of one degree on the
Celsius scale is __________ a change
of one degree on the Fahrenheit
scale.
0 larger than
0 equal to
0 unrelated to
0 in the opposite direction of
0 smaller than
The temperature scale that sets
freezing of pure water at 32⁰ F:
0 Kelvin
0 Fahrenheit
0 Celsius
0 British
0 Foreign
Heat is energy in the processor
being transferred from:
0 hot objects to cold objects
0 low pressure to high pressure
0 cold objects to hot objects
0 high pressure to low pressure
0 regions of low density toward
regions of high density.
When water changes from a
liquid to a vapor, we call this
process:
0 freezing
0 condensation
0 sublimation
0 evaporation
0 deposition
Which of the following is the
poorest conductor of heat?
0 Water
0 Ice
0 Snow
0 Soil
0 Still Air
A heat transfer process in the
atmosphere that depends upon
the movement of air is:
0 conduction
0 convection
0 absorption
0 reflection
0 radiation
In the Northern Hemisphere, this
day has the fewest hours of
daylight __________.
0 summer solstice
0 vernal equinox
0 autumnal equinox
0 winter solstice
0 none of the above
Where are the days and nights of
equal length all year long?
0 at the equator
0 at 66.5º
0 at 23.5º
0 nowhere
0 all of the above
Treatment for Seasonal Affective
Disorder
generally
involves
increased exposure to __________.
0 carbon dioxide
0 dihydrogen monoxide
0 sunlight
0 water vapor
0 gluten
For maximum winter warmth, in
the Northern Hemisphere, large
windows in a house should face
__________.
0 north
0 east
0 west
0 northeast
0 south
Our seasons are caused by _______.
0 the changing distance between
the Earth and the Sun
0 the length of the daylight hours
0 the angle at which sunlight
reaches the Earth
0 all of the above
0 The length of the daylight hours
and the angle at which sunlight
reaches the Earth
Which of the following can be used
as a method of protecting an orchard
from damaging low temperatures
during a radiation inversion?
0 orchard heaters
0 irrigation (cover the
area with water)
0 wind machines
0 all of the above
0 none of the above
As the air temperature increases,
the air’s capacity for water vapor:
0 increases
0 decreases
0 remains constant
0 is unrelated to air
temperature and can either
increase or decrease.
0 All of the above
If all the water vapor in the
atmosphere were to condense and
fall to the ground, the globe would be
covered with about __________ of water.
0 1 millimeter
0 1 inch
0 1 foot
0 1 meter
0 1 mile
The Gulf Coast states are more
humid in summer than the coastal
areas of southern California mainly
because of the:
0 low relative humidity of the air over the
Pacific Ocean
0 higher air temperature in the Gulf States
0 lower air temperature in Southern
California
0 higher water temperature in the Gulf of
Mexico
0 air pollution in Southern California
Dew is most likely to form on:
0 clear, calm nights
0 cloudy, calm nights
0 clear, windy nights
0 cloudy, windy nights
0 rainy nights
Which cloud is LEAST likely to
produce
precipitation
that
reaches the ground?
0 stratus
0 nimbostratus
0 cumulonimbus
0 cirrocumulus
0 all of the above
Light or moderate-but-steady
precipitation is most often
associated
with
_____________
clouds.
0 nimbostratus
0 cirrostratus
0 cirrocumulus
0 cumulonimbus
0 none of the above
A knowledge of air stability is
important because:
0 it determines the direction
of movement of storms
0 it determines the vertical
motion of air
0 it determines the movement
of high pressure areas
0 it determines seasonal
weather patterns
0 none of the above
Which cloud type below would
most likely form an unstable
atmosphere?
0 cumulus humilis
0 stratus
0 cirrostratus
0 nimbostratus
0 cumulonimbus
The vertical motion of air caused
by sun heating the ground is
called:
0 convection
0 orographic lifting
0 subsidence
0 convergence
0 deportation
When only ice crystals exist in a
cloud, the cloud is said to be:
0 frozen
0 frigid
0 glaciated
0 supercooled
0 supersaturated
The growth of a precipitation
particle by the collision of an ice
crystal (or snowflake) with a
supercooled liquid droplet is called:
0 miraculous
0 accretion
0 spontaneous nucleation
0 condensation
0 deposition
A light shower of snow that falls
intermittently from cumuliform
clouds for a short duration is
known as:
0 snow flurries
0 a snow squall
0 virga
0 a cloud burst
0 a fall streak
If the Earth’s gravitational force
were to increase, atmospheric
pressure at the ground would:
0 remain the same
0 decrease
0 increase
0 divide
0 cause the universe to
expand vertically
Which
of
the
following
instruments measures pressure?
0 thermometer
0 radiometer
0 hygrometer
0 densitometer
0 barometer
FA03/S2/05-07
The mercury barometer was
invented by:
0 Galileo Galilei
0 Evangelista Torricelli
0 Sir Isaac Newton
0 James Watt
0 Vincent van Gogh
FA03/S2/05-07
Lines connecting points of equal
pressure are called:
0millibars
0contours
0isotherms
0isobars
0a coordinate grid
The “force exerted on an object
equals its mass times the
acceleration produced” is a
description of:
0Buys-Ballot’s law
0the isobaric law
0hydrostatic equilibrium
0a biology question
0Newton’s second law of
motion
The __________ is an apparent force
created by the Earth’s rotation.
0pressure gradient force
0Coriolis Effect
0centripetal force
0gravitational force
0empire force
The friction of fluid flow is
called:
0viscosity
0compression
0convergence
0shear
0inertia
Surface winds are generally
strongest and most gusty:
0in the early morning
0around midnight
0in the afternoon
0just after sunset
0just before sunrise
An instrument used to measure
wind speed is called a (an):
0sphygmomanometer
0anemometer
0ceilometer
0psychrometer
0tachometer
The jet stream flows:
0 directly from west to east
0 directly from east to west
0 from the equator toward the poles
0 in a wavy pattern from west to east
0 in a variety of directions depending
on airplane traffic
During a major El Niño event:
0 Peruvian fishermen harvest a record
number of fish near Christmas time.
0 extensive ocean warming occurs
over the tropical Pacific
0 the Northeast trade winds increase
in strength
0 California experiences severe
drought conditions
0 refugees from costal countries enter
the United States illegally
The majority of the United
States lies within this wind
belt:
0westerlies
0easterlies
0northerlies
0trades
0southerlies
An air mass is characterized by
similar properties of ________
and ________ in any horizontal
direction.
0 temperature, pressure
0 pressure, moisture
0 temperature, moisture
0 winds, moisture
0 poverty, uninvited guests
Fronts are associated with:
0 poor self-esteem
0 negative feedback
0 high pressure
0 political pressure
0 low pressure
In winter, thunderstorms are
most likely to form along:
0 warm fronts
0 stationary fronts
0 cold fronts
0 occluded fronts
0 cornfields
The
development
or
strengthening of a middle
latitude storm system is called:
0 cyclogenesis
0 convergence
0 divergence
0 frontolysis
0 transparency
An upper-level pool of cold
air that has broken away
from the main flow is called:
0 a shortwave
0 a wave cyclone
0 a lee-side low
0 a cut-off low
0 a tragedy
Developing low pressure areas
generally have _____ air near the
surface and _____ air aloft.
0 diverging, converging
0 converging, diverging
0 converging, converging
0 diverging, diverging
0 conducting, convecting
The least accurate forecast
method of predicting the weather
two days into the future during
changeable weather conditions
usually is the:
0 trend method
0 prediction by weather types
0 persistence forecast
0 numerical weather prediction
0 analogue method
A weather warning indicates
that:
0 the atmospheric conditions are favorable for
hazardous weather over a particular region
0 hazardous weather is likely to occur within the
forecast area during the next 24 hours
0 road conditions are expected to be impassable
for the entire time of the warning.
0 hazardous weather is either likely or imminent
or occurring within a forecast area
0 hazardous weather is frequently observed in a
particular region.
When making a forecast, a
meteorologist typically examines
__________.
0 surface charts
0 upper-air charts
0 radar displays
0 satellite imagery
0 all of the above
A weather watch would
probably be issued for which
of the following conditions?
0 Presently, extremely high winds are
occurring at mountain summits
0 A tornado has been sighted at the
outskirts of town
0 heavy snow has been falling over the
forecast area
0 there is a chance of tornadoes tomorrow
0 a parade is scheduled in town on Friday
Which forecasting method assumes
that weather systems will move in
the same direction and at the same
speed as they have been moving?
0 steady state (trend) forecast
0 persistence forecast
0 probability forecast
0 climatological forecast
0 weather type forecast
An accurate forecast:
0 never shows skill
0 requires complex computer
equipment
0 always shows skill
0 is aired on the local evening
news
0 may or may not show skill
All thunderstorms require ________.
0 surface heating
0 rising air
0 Divergence of the air aloft
0 hot, humid air
0 lifting along some barrier
such as a mountain or front
The initial stage of an ordinary
thunderstorm is the __________.
0 dissipating stage
0 multicell stage
0 adolescent stage
0 cumulus stage
0 mature stage
Ordinary thunderstorms only last
about one hour and begin to
dissipate when:
0 when the downdraft spreads
throughout the cloud and cuts
off the updraft.
0 lightning neutralizes all the
electrical charge in a cloud
0 when all the precipitation
particles in the cloud turn to ice
0 when solar heating at the
ground begins to decrease
0 none of the above
An ordinary thunderstorm is a:
0 scattered or isolated storm that is
not severe
0 thunderstorm that does not
produce lightening or thunder
0 thunderstorm that has a tilted
updraft and downdraft
0 thunderstorm that does not
produce hail
0 figment of the imagination
The most likely time for an
ordinary thunderstorm to form is
__________.
0 just after sunrise
0 just before sunrise
0 around midnight
0 at noon
0 late afternoon
Severe thunderstorms are capable
of producing __________.
0 large hail
0 tornadoes
0 flash floods
0 all of the above
0 none of the above
Streamlines on a weather map
depict __________.
0 water temperature
0 wind flow
0 pressure
0 dew point
0 ocean currents
The strongest winds in a
hurricane are found ______________.
0 in the eye wall
0 at the center of the storm
0 in the rain bands
0 near the periphery of the
hurricanes
0 at upper levels, above the
center of the hurricane
Hurricane winds rotate in a
clockwise direction _______________.
0 in the Southern Hemisphere only
0 in the Northern Hemisphere only
0 in both the Northern and
Southern Hemispheres
0 in neither hemisphere
0 at the equator
The main reason hurricanes don’t
develop over the south Atlantic
Ocean adjacent to South America
is because:
0 the surface water temperatures are too cold.
0 the Coriolis force is too small there.
0 the pressure gradient force is too weak in
that area.
0 the surface water temperatures are too
warm
0 the air at the surface is always diverging
Which below is NOT an
atmospheric condition conducive
to the formation of hurricanes?
0 cold air aloft
0 moist, humid surface air
0 warm water
0 a region of converging
surface winds at the surface
0 strong upper-level winds
The main difference between a
hurricane and a tropical storm is
that ________________.
0 hurricanes are larger
0 winds speeds are greater in a
hurricane
0 tropical storms are more than
500 miles from the US Mainland
0 hurricanes have a clearly defined
eye on satellite photographs
0 none of the above
Volcanoes are an important
natural source of__________.
0 benzene
0 ozone
0 carbon monoxide
0 chlorofluorocarbons
0 sulfur dioxide
A coning shape exhibited by a
smokestack plume is indicative of
__________ conditions.
0 neutral
0 inversion
0 stable
0 unstable
0 both a and b
On clear, cold winter nights, cities
tend to cool _____ than rural areas and
have _____ temperatures.
0 more quickly, higher
0 more slowly, lower
0 more quickly, lower
0 more slowly, higher
0 none of the above
Erosion of limestone buildings,
fountains and sculptures is caused
largely by __________.
0 ozone
0 acid rain
0 urban heat islands
0 migratory birds
0 vibrations caused by traffic
Once released into the atmosphere,
chlorofluorocarbons remain about
__________.
0 10 days
0 3 lunar cycles
0 1 year
0 1 month
0 100 years
Thunderstorms are most likely to
form on a day when smokestack
plumes have a __________.
0 looping shape
0 fanning shape
0 coning shape
0 lofting shape
0 none of the above
The climate of an area about the
size of a town would be described
as __________.
0 macroclimate
0 mesoclimate
0 microclimate
0 urban climate
0 industrial climate
Which of the following cities
would most likely have a dry
summer?
0 Chicago, Illinois
0 Denver, Colorado
0 Los Angeles, California
0 Seattle, Washington
0 Baltimore, Maryland
The lowest average temperatures
in the world occur in __________.
0 the Antarctic
0 Northwestern Europe
0 Northwestern Europe
0 North America
0 the Arctic
The Köppen scheme for classifying
climates employs annual and monthly
averages of __________.
0 precipitation and stream
runoff
0 ocean levels and surface
pressure
0 sunshine and soil type
0 temperature and precipitation
0 population density and
agricultural output
The term monsoon refers to
__________.
0 a seasonal shift in wind
circulation
0 a short dry season
0 the short summer rainy season
observed in some locations
0 a long dry season
0 a period of heavy rainfall
produced by thunderstorms.
In a dry climate __________.
0 there are no plants
0 potential evaporation and
transpiration exceed precipitation
0 there is no precipitation
0 air temperatures seldom drop
below freezing and days are
always hot
0 winters are short, but cold.
Evidence suggests that throughout
much of the Earth’s history, the global
climate was __________.
0 warmer than it is today
0 colder than it is today
0 About the same
temperature as it is today
0 more variable than it is
today.
0 none of the above
Presently, glaciers cover __________
of the Earth’s surface.
0 approximately two thirds
0 less than 1 percent
0 about one half
0 None
0 about 10 percent
Over the past 100 years or so, it
appears
that
average
global
temperatures have ________.
0 remained constant
0 decreased slightly
0 fluctuated widely but
shown no overall change
0 decreased greatly
0 increased slightly
Which theory explains how glacial
material can be observed today near
sea level at the equator, even though
sea level glaciers probably never
existed there?
0 Theory of plate tectonics
0 Milankovitch theory
0 Volcanic dust theory
0 Darwin’s theory of evolution
0 Maunder theory
Plate tectonics “explains” certain
climatic changes by showing that
these changes may be related to
__________.
0 mountain building
0 the amount of CO2 and H2O
released into the atmosphere
0 the paths taken by ocean
currents
0 the position of the continents
0 all of the above
The
Milankovitch
Theory
proposes that climatic changes
are due to __________.
0 volcanic eruptions
0 changing levels of CO2 in the
Earth’s atmosphere
0 particles suspended in the
Earth’s atmosphere
0 variations in Earth’s orbit as it
travels through space
0 None of the above
If the Earth did not have an
atmosphere, the sky would appear
__________ during the day.
0 red
0 orange
0 white
0 blue
0 black
The blue color of the sky is due to
__________.
0 the filtering effect of water vapor in the
Earth’s atmosphere
0 reflection of sunlight off the Earth’s
oceans
0 transmission of visible light through the
ozone layer in the Earth’s stratosphere
0 selective scattering of visible light by air
molecules
0 none of the above
On a foggy night, it is often difficult to
see the road when the high beam
lights are on because of __________ of
light by the fog.
0 scattering
0 absorption
0 transmission
0 refraction
0 diffraction
Which of the following are
capable of producing a red sunrise
or sunset?
0 small suspended salt particles
0 volcanic ash
0 small suspended dust
particles
0 all of the above
0 none of the above
An atmospheric phenomenon that
causes objects to appear inverted is
called __________.
0 an inferior mirage
0 a superior mirage
0 scintillation
0 dispersion
0 hallucination
Halos are caused by __________.
0 diffraction of light by cloud droplets
0 refraction of light passing through
raindrops
0 reflection of light by ice crystals
0 scattering of light by ice crystals
0 refraction of light passing through
ice crystals