Transcript The Ozone Layer

Atmosphere
Eric Angat
Environmental Science Teacher
Essential Question
How do I describe
the structure and
composition of our
atmosphere?
EEn 2.5.1
1. Describe the Earth’s atmosphere.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5sg9sCOXFIk
2. What is the composition of the air that
we breathe? ( p. 272, figure II-I )
Argon, water
vapor, carbon
dioxide.
3. The earth’s atmosphere is
mainly composed of which
three gases?
A. nitrogen,oxygen,and argon
B. carbon dioxide, helium and
nitrogen
C. argon, methane and
oxygen
D. helium, oxygen and radon
4. Which compound
contributes to acid rain in
the atmosphere?
A. hydrochloric acid
B. sulfuric acid
C. carbon dioxide
D. carbon monoxide
5. What determines the amount of water
vapor in the atmosphere? ( p. 272 )
Y-axis
Amount
of water
vapor in
g/cm3
At 15 C, the
amount of
water vapor
is 10 g/cm3
At 30 C, the
amount of
water vapor
is 30 g/cm3
The temperature determines the
amount of water vapor in the
atmosphere. The warmer the air
the more water vapor it contains.
X-axis
Tempera
ture in
Celsius
6. Why can warm air hold more
water vapor than cold air?
A. warm air is more dense than
cold air
B. warm air is less dense than
cold air
C. warm air sinks below cold air
D. Warm air flows faster than cold
air
7. Why is it necessary to check the water
vapor and carbon dioxide level in the
atmosphere? ( P. 272 )
The amount of water vapor in the air
greatly influence the type
precipitation in a certain area.
The Ozone Layer:
The stratosphere contains
a thin layer of ozone
which absorbs most of
the harmful ultraviolet
radiation from the Sun. The ozone
layer is being depleted, and is getting
thinner over Europe, Asia, North
American and Antarctica --- "holes" are
appearing in the ozone layer.
8. What makes the ozone layer an important
component of the stratosphere? ( p. 273 )
The ozone layer protects us from
ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.
9. How is the composition of air
changing? ( p. 664-665 )
The composition of the air is changing because
of the pollution we add to the air.
10. What makes up 99%
of our air? ( p. 271 )
11. What is the atmosphere? ( p. 9 )
The atmosphere is the air that
envelopes earth. Its lowest layer is
the troposphere.
2.05
12. What layer of the atmosphere burns
meteors?
13. What is the difference between
the troposphere and stratosphere?
In troposphere, weather changes happen
while in the stratosphere there is only
horizontal wind and ozone.
3.10
There are five layers in the atmosphere.
The atmosphere thins out until it reaches
space.
1. The troposphere is where weather occurs.
You breathe the air in the troposphere.
2. Many airplanes fly in the stratosphere
because it is very stable. Also, the ozone
layer is there.
3. Many rock fragments from space burn up
in the mesosphere.
4. The thermosphere or Ionosphere is very
thin. It's where the Aurora happens.
5. The upper limit of our atmosphere is the
exosphere. Also where space shuttle orbits.
14. Describe the troposphere. ( p. 274 )
The troposphere extends an altitude
of 10 miles and it is where weather
changes occur.
15. Describe the stratosphere. ( p. 274 )
The stratosphere has horizontal
winds. It also has the ozone layer
that protects us from U.V. rays.
16. Why do planes fly in the
stratosphere, the secondlowest layer of the
atmosphere?
A. to avoid storms and other
weather events
B. to receive better radio
communication
C. to fly at supersonic speeds
without air resistance
D. to avoid changes in air pressure
Where do airplanes fly?
The flight of Mr. Angat
Airplanes fly in the stratosphere to escape
whirling winds in the troposphere. .
17. Identify and describe the layers
of the upper atmosphere. ( p. 274)
Upper atmosphere
The upper atmosphere has low air
pressure and very thin air.
18. What is the layer with
the highest concentration
of ozone gas ( O3)?
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Atmosphere/layers_activity_print.html&edu=elem
+/-
200 Celsius
Thermosphere is the hottest layer.
+/-
-90 Celsius
Mesosphere is the coldest layer.
+/-
+/-
3 Celsius
-60 Celsius
+/-
25 Celsius
Temperature
increased
because of
the ozone
gas.
The Hubble Telescope in the exosphere
The exosphere is
almost a vacuum.
This picture
shows the Hubble
Space Telescope
orbiting Earth in
the exosphere.
Places that are lit
by sunlight are
very hot. Places in
the shade are very
cold.
Click on image for
full size
Image courtesy
NASA.
19. What accounts for the increase of temperature in
the stratosphere?
Thermosphere
2C
Upper
Stratosphere
-30 C
Stratosphere
Upper
troposphere
Troposphere
-80F
-60C
0C
or
32F
20C
80 +80F
C
Y-axis is
Altitude
Because the ozone or O3 in the
stratosphere absorbs the U.V. rays
of the Sun.
stratosphere
Highest
concentration of
O3 gas
X-axis
Tempera
ture in
Celsius
20. Why is the temperature in the
lower troposphere higher than the
temperature in the higher
troposphere?
Y-axis is
Altitude
Because heat is reflected by
Earth’s surface thus warming the
lower troposphere.
troposphere
X-axis
Tempera
ture in
Celsius
21. How much, in percent, solar radiation is
reflected by our planet back to space?
( p. 275, figure 11-4 )
About 35% of solar radiation is reflected back
to space by clouds, land and oceans.
22. Define radiation, conduction,
and convection. ( p. 275-277 )
Convectionheat transfer
in liquids and
gases.
Radiationheat transfer
without any
medium.
Conductionheat transfer
in solids.
23. What is the Greenhouse Effect?
( p. 375-376, figure 14-18)
Carbon dioxide, and
methane in the troposphere
trap heat, preventing it from
escaping thus keeping the
Earth warm. This trapping of
heat is called the "greenhouse
effect".
However, if there is too much
carbon dioxide in the
Troposphere then it will trap
too much heat.
Scientists are afraid that the
increasing amounts of carbon dioxide would
raise the Earth's surface temperature,
bringing significant changes to worldwide
weather patterns ... shifting in climatic zones
and the melting of the polar ice caps, which
could raise the level of the world's oceans.
24. How are we affected by the Global
Warming Effect? ( p. 376-377)
Global warming is making our planet so warm
causing disruptions in weather.
25. How are we affected by the Ozone
layer? Harmful or helpful? ( p. 294 )
Ozone layer at the stratosphere protects us
from the U.V. radiation of the Sun.
3.56
26. How destructive is CFC to the ozone
layer in the stratosphere and where does
it come from? (p. 294 )
CFC destroys ozone molecules making us
exposed to U.V. radiation.
27. What efforts are being undertaken to
prevent further damage and repair the ozone
layer? ( p. 294, International Effort )
Countries around the world are finding ways
to lessen our ecological footprint.
Climate Change
Climate change is a
problem that is affecting
people and the
environment. Greater
energy efficiency and
new technologies hold
promise for reducing
greenhouse gases and
solving this global
challenge.
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/
25.What can we do to slow down
Global warming?
We can slow down global warming by
lessening our carbon footprint. Recycle!
Ecological Footprint
(amount of pollution we create)
Too much greenhouse
gases
Global Warming
Climate Change
CFC
(chlorofluorocarbon)
Depletion of the
Ozone Layer
Effects of Climate Change
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Hurricanes have changed in frequency and
strength
Sea level is rising
Glaciers and permafrost are melting
Sea-surface temperatures are warming
Crops are withering
Ecosystems are changing, Species that are
particularly vulnerable
Warmer temperatures affect human health
Seawater is becoming more acidic
http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/climate/cli_effects.html
The Kyoto Protocol
is an international agreement on
Climate Change. The major feature
of the Kyoto Protocol is that it sets
binding targets for 37 industrialized
countries and the European
community for reducing
greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions .These amount to an
average of five per cent against 1990
levels over the five-year period
2008-2012.
http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php
MESOSPHERE – protects us
from meteors.
Here in the mesosphere, the
atmosphere is very rarefied
nevertheless thick enough to slow
down meteors hurtling into the
atmosphere, where they burn up,
leaving fiery trails in the night sky.
THERMOSPHERE
The thermosphere extends from 80 km above the
Earth's surface to outer space. The temperature is
hot and may be as high as thousands of degrees as
the few molecules that are present in the
thermosphere receive extraordinary large
amounts of energy from the Sun. However, the
thermosphere would actually feel very cold to us
because of the probability that these few
molecules will hit our skin and transfer enough
energy to cause appreciable heat is extremely low.
Why does the pressure
decrease as you go to higher
altitude?
The difference between air and water is that air
is compressible and water is not. If you are
diving in the sea and have 10 meters of water
above you, the pressure is 1 bar, if you have 20
meters of water above you it's 2 bar simply
because the amount of water is
doubled. However, air is different.
The amount the air compresses depends a bit on
the temperature but roughly we can divide the
pressure by a factor of 2 for every 5.5 km increase
in height.
Name: _______________________________ Date:_________ Week:___
Class Period:__
Answers only
Enter the following terms into the appropriate white lines of the picture above:
mesosphere, troposphere, sea level, stratosphere, stratopause, thermosphere,
mesopause,Tropopause
videos
Our Restless Atmosphere (11:19)
This video contains 5 segments.
The Composition of the Atmosphere (02:05)
2. Acid Rain (01:29)
3. Ozone: Harmful and Helpful (03:56)
4. Global Warming: The Greenhouse Effect (01:49)
5. How to Help Our Restless Atmosphere (01:22)
1.
Why do aeroplanes not fly in
the stratosphere?
Commercial airlines often cruise in the stratosphere, albeit at its lower
reaches. However, airplanes fly due to the lift created by air flowing
over/under their wings. An airplane's engines provide thrust, which
move its wings through the air (i.e., increases the flow of air
over/under the wings). Once the lift thus created by this airflow
exceeds the airplane's weight, the airplane climbs into the air.
At higher altitudes, there is less air. So, more thrust is required in
order for the wing to create enough airflow and lift to keep the
airplane flying. A practical altitude limit is reached when the airplane's
engines cannot provide enough thrust and/or its wings cannot
produce enough lift in order to offset the airplane's weight.
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_do_aeroplanes_not_fly_in_the_stratosphere
AIRPLANES NOT ALLOWED
Very few airplanes can fly as
high as the stratosphere
because the air is so thin that
there is not enough lift to keep
the aircraft supported. Some
spy planes do fly in the lower
stratosphere, however, such as
the U-2 and the SR-71.
http://www.weatherquestions.com/What_is_the_stratosphere.htm
http://eo.ucar.edu/basics/wx_1_b.html
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Atmosphere/layers_activity_print.html&edu=elem
•http://www.atmosphere.mpg.de/enid/2__Ozone/__Worksheet_1_1ge.html
•http://www.atmosphere.mpg.de/enid/1c4.html
•http://www.markfetch.com/Classroom/new.html
•http://www.vtaide.com/png/atmosphere.htm
•http://www.atmosphere.mpg.de/enid/1a4fe01019859f40704efed8518c2438,0/1__Un
derstanding_the_stratosphere/-_layers_1yx.html
•http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Atmosphere/overview.html&edu=el
em
•http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect14/AtmosGraph.jpg