Transcript Today`s Objective

Name: ________________________
Unit
12
Unit 12 – Weather Variables
What’s the weather today?
Notes Packet
Today’s Objective:
What are the Major Layers of the Atmosphere?
The Atmosphere:
- is the layer of ___________________________________.
- The atmosphere ________________ as you travel _____________ from
Earth until there are too few gas molecules to detect.
Pressure Changes
Atmospheric pressure -
_____________________________
____________________________.
How do changes in air pressure at
low altitudes compare with air
pressure changes at high altitudes?
Temperature Changes
- Temperature _______________
within each layer of the
atmosphere.
• This information can be
found on _________________
Layers of the Atmosphere
Troposphere:
- 0 to 14 km
- __________________________________________________________
- __________________________________________________________
- Temperature _____________________ as you rise higher
Stratosphere:
- 14 to 50 km
- Contains Ozone Layer  _____________________________________
______________________________________________________________
- ozone depletion – ________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
-
Contains ______________; which are high speed winds that
influence ____________________________________
-
Temperature _____________________ as you rise higher.
Mesosphere:
– 50 to 80 km
– Meteoroids ___________________________________________________
“shooting stars”
– Temp. ___________________ as you rise higher.
Thermosphere:
– above 80 - 600 km
– Contains “_____________”
AKA ________________________________________________________
– Temperature __________________ as you rise higher.
– Contains the ___________________________ which influences
____________________________________.
Exosphere:
- Greater than 600 km
- It is where the atmosphere meets outer space
Directions: Label each of earth’s layers with their important features
Today’s Objective:
What Features Allow Earth To Support Life?
Life and the Atmosphere
•
The Earth’s original atmosphere was made up of gases similar to those
released in ____________________________ – water vapor, carbon
dioxide & nitrogen.
•
Later, primitive organisms evolved that used ______________________
and released ______________________.
Composition of Atmosphere
•
__________________ and ______________ gases make up 99%.
•
Gases in the atmosphere today can be found __________
What features does Earth have that allow it to support life?
• _________________________________
• _________________________________
• _________________________________
What determines the temperature of a planet?
•
•
_________________________________________________.
_________________ and ____________________ of the atmosphere.
The Other 1 Percent of the Atmosphere
Water Vapor:
Dust Particles:
- source of all ______________
•
_____________________________
_______________________.
•
_____________________________
- _______________________
•
_____________________________
(from earth & sun)
•
______________________________
Ozone:
- form of __________ that combines 3 oxygen atoms into each molecule
(O3).
What do you think could happen if there was no ozone?
Human Influence on the Atmosphere:
- ___________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
What changes can “we”
make to help our
atmosphere?
Today’s Objective:
How are Heat and Temperature Related?
Do Now:
What is the difference between temperature and heat?
Vocabulary –
Heat - _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
-
Heat moves from _____________________________________.
Temperature - ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
-
Temperature conversions can be found ________________________
Now Try These . . .
1. At what temperature does water boil?
__________ OC
__________ OF
__________ K
2. What is room temperature?
__________ OC
__________ OF
__________ K
3. At what temperature does water freeze?
__________ OC
__________ OF
__________ K
4. What temperature is the same on both
the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales
________________________
Three Methods Of Energy Transfer:
Conduction -
Convection
-
Radiation -
- _________________ - _________________ - _________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
- _________________
_________________
_________________
1. Which type of radiation has the shortest wavelength?
2. What color has the shortest wavelength?
3. What is the basic difference between ultraviolet, visible light, and radio
waves?
Today’s Objective:
What Happens During a Change of State?
Do Now: What is the most important gas in atmosphere?
Phase Changes:
In the boxes for each phase draw a small picture of how
the molecules are arranged. THEN label the arrows with the name of the
phase change that is occurring.
Phase Change Graph
Latent Heat- ______________
_______________________
_______________________
** There is _____________ in
temperature during a
phase change **
Properties of Water:
- Can be found on _____________________
- __________________________ and
__________________ GAIN heat
- _______________________ and
__________________ LOSE heat
Now Try These . . .
1. Which phase change requires water to gain 2260 J/g?
2. During which phase change of water is the most energy released into
the environment?
3. The least amount of latent heat is absorbed by water during which
phase change?
4. The greatest amount of energy would be released by 1,000 grams of
water when it changes from what to what?
5. During which process would 1 gram of eater gain the most energy?
6. Explain what happens to water when it releases 334 J/g of energy.
Today’s Objective:
What are the Effects of Air Pressure on Weather?
Air Pressure: _______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Factors that Affect Pressure
Altitude
•Air becomes ______________ with increasing altitude
•Pressure ALWAYS ____________ as you move up in the atmosphere.
Temperature
Warm Air
Cold Air
•________________________________
•________________________________
•________________________________
•________________________________
•________________________________
•________________________________
Humidity
•
•
•
Humid air is ______________________________.
Lighter means it has ________________________________________. .
Air Pressure is measured using a ____________________________.
**When air pressure ___________,
the mercury in the tube
____________. **
**When air pressure
__________________, so does the
height of the mercury column.**
** An increasing barometer means the weather will be
_______________________________.
** A decreasing barometer means the weather will be
__________________________________.
Today’s Objective:
How Are Relative Humidity And Dew Point Related?
Do Now:
Describe everything that comes to mind when someone says it’s humid.
Humidity –
is a measure of how much _________________________________
** Warmer air can hold __________ water vapor than cooler air.**
Relative Humidity (RH) – ___________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
•
Since warm air expands it can _____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Saturation:
Occurs when the air contains the __________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
**When saturated, warm air
_______________________________________________________________.**
When the Relative Humidity is 100%
•
the air is ______________________
•
____________________ may occur.
The Relative Humidity changes when:
• Water vapor ___________________________ the air.
• ____________________________________________.
Precipitation takes
•
_______________________________
•
Evaporation puts
_______________________________
The Dew Point Temperature is the __________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
•
(______________________________)
When temp is less
then DP
__________________
When temp is more
the DP
__________________
__________________
__________________
The closer the air temperature is to the dewpoint temp:
•
_______________________________________________
•
_______________________________________________
Relative Humidity and Dewpoint charts:
•
Can be found on _________________
•
Dry bulb is the __________________________________________
•
Wet bulb is the __________________________________________
________________________________________________________
•
Wet bulb depression is the _______________________________, it
tells how much evaporation has occurred
Today’s Objective:
How are Clouds Formed?
Formation of Clouds
1. Form when air rises in the atmosphere and ___________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
2. Liquid water condenses around ______________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. Tiny droplets then float in the air
Orographic lifting:
•
occurs when mountains ______________________________________
____________________________________________________________
• As air is pushed over the mountain, ____________________________
______________________________________________________________
Leeward
__________
&
__________
Windward
__________
&
__________
** When air expands, ______________, and when it’s
compressed, ________________. **
Today’s Objective:
How Do Pressure Systems Cause Winds?
Wind – ______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
•
Air moves from ______________________________________
Pressure Systems
Low Pressure System
High Pressure System
(AKA _________________________ )
(AKA _________________________ )
•Humid dry air ________________
•Cool dry air ___________________
•Wind blows ___________________
•Wind blows ___________________
and ____________
and ____________
How is Wind Measured?
There are two basic wind measurements:
_______________ & _____________
Wind Direction
•
Measured using a _______________________
•
If it blows more often from one direction it is called a
_____________________________
•
In the US, the westerlies consistently move weather
________________
Wind Speed
•
Measured using an ______________________
Today’s Objective:
•
What Causes Local Winds?
Local winds are caused by _____________________________________
______________________________________________________________
•
Example - ___________________________________
Specific Heat –
•
Specific heat is _______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
•
Every object has it’s own specific heat listed on ______________
•
Liquid water has the ___________
specific heat
•
This mean, water needs
_______________________________
_______________________________
to heat up or cool down.
Sea Breeze
•
_______________________________
______________________________
•
The air flows from _____________
_______________________________
Land Breeze
•
_______________________________
______________________________
•
The air flows from _____________
_______________________________
Today’s Objective:
•
What Causes Global Winds?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
•
These winds blow _____________________________________________
•
At the equator, ________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
•
At the poles, __________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
•
Wind is named based on _______________________________________
•
Planetary winds can be found on ___________________________
•
These winds do NOT travel in
a straight path because of the
____________________________
The Coriolis Effect –
•
Is cause by ______________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
•
Is responsible for _______________
_________________________________
•
In the Northern Hemisphere _____
_________________________________
•
In the Southern Hemisphere _____
_________________________________
Today’s Objective:
What Causes Surface Ocean Currents?
•
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
•
Everything you need to know about ocean currents can be found on
______________________
Try these . . . .
1.
Name a warm current that runs along the west coast of Asia
________________________________
2.
Name a cold current that runs around the southern portion of the globe.
__________________________________
3.
Name a cold current that flows towards the equator on the east coast of Africa.
__________________________________