Transcript Clicker 25
Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Which of the following is NOT one of the weather elements? A. B. C. D. Atmospheric pressure. Temperature. Dew point. Precipitation. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Which of the following is NOT one of the weather elements? A. B. C. D. Atmospheric pressure. Temperature. Dew point. Precipitation. Explanation: There are six weather elements: atmospheric pressure, temperature, wind, precipitation, cloudiness, and humidity. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation is characteristic of A. B. C. D. sunlight. terrestrial radiation. reemitted radiation. heat flow. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation is characteristic of A. B. C. D. sunlight. terrestrial radiation. reemitted radiation. heat flow. Explanation: The Sun emits short-wave radiation. Earth reradiates long-wave radiation, otherwise known as terrestrial radiation. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Earth has seasons because A. B. C. D. Earth is closer to the Sun part of the year. the short-wave radiation from the Sun varies regularly. terrestrial radiation varies regularly. Earth’s axis of rotation is tilted. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Earth has seasons because A. B. C. D. Earth is closer to the Sun part of the year. the short-wave radiation from the Sun varies regularly. terrestrial radiation varies regularly. Earth’s axis of rotation is tilted. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 On the equinoxes, the Sun is directly overhead A. B. C. D. at the Tropic of Cancer. at the Tropic of Capricorn. at the equator. everywhere on Earth. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 On the equinoxes, the Sun is directly overhead A. B. C. D. at the Tropic of Cancer. at the Tropic of Capricorn. at the equator. everywhere on Earth. Explanation: The two equinoxes are the only times when Earth’s rotational axis is perpendicular to the Sun’s rays, causing the rays to strike Earth perpendicularly at the equator. On the June 21 solstice, rays strike Earth perpendicularly at the Tropic of Cancer. On the December 22 solstice, rays strike Earth perpendicularly at the Tropic of Capricorn. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 In general, the highest atmospheric pressure is A. B. C. D. at the equator. at sea level. at the base of the temperate zone. at the top of the troposphere. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 In general, the highest atmospheric pressure is A. B. C. D. at the equator. at sea level. at the base of the temperate zone. at the top of the troposphere. Explanation: Pressure is highest where the greatest thickness of atmosphere is overhead. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 The densest air is found at Earth’s surface due to A. B. C. D. temperature inversions. the Coriolis force. warmer air at the surface. gravity’s pull. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 The densest air is found at Earth’s surface due to A. B. C. D. temperature inversions. the Coriolis force. warmer air at the surface. gravity’s pull. Explanation: Gravity pulls most of Earth’s atmospheric gas molecules downward to the surface. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Commercial jets generally fly just above the top of the troposphere A. B. C. D. to avoid weather disturbances. because the Coriolis force is lowest. because the air is coolest. because air pressure is optimal. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Commercial jets generally fly just above the top of the troposphere A. B. C. D. to avoid weather disturbances. because the Coriolis force is lowest. because the air is coolest. because air pressure is optimal. Explanation: Virtually all weather occurs in the troposphere. Flying right above the troposphere allows jets to avoid turbulence caused by weather disturbances. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 The ozone layer occurs in the A. B. C. D. troposphere. stratosphere. ionosphere. thermosphere. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 The ozone layer occurs in the A. B. C. D. troposphere. stratosphere. ionosphere. thermosphere. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Wind is caused by A. B. C. D. the lay of the land. mountains. high atmospheric pressure. unequal heating of Earth by the Sun. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Wind is caused by A. B. C. D. the lay of the land. mountains. high atmospheric pressure. unequal heating of Earth by the Sun. Explanation: Unequal heating leads to warm areas and warm air. Warmer air at the surface has lower pressure compared to colder air at the surface. Air moves from higher pressure to lower pressure—wind. High atmospheric pressure by itself isn’t sufficient—a pressure gradient is required to generate wind. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Air temperature influences air pressure at the surface because A. B. C. D. colder air sinks, creating high pressure. warmer air sinks, creating low pressure. colder air sinks, creating low pressure. warmer air rises, creating high pressure. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Air temperature influences air pressure at the surface because A. B. C. D. colder air sinks, creating high pressure. warmer air sinks, creating low pressure. colder air sinks, creating low pressure. warmer air rises, creating high pressure. Explanation: As air warms at the surface, it expands, becomes less dense, and rises, creating low surface pressure. As it cools, it contracts, becomes denser, and sinks, creating high surface pressure. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 In coastal areas during the heat of the day, wind blows A. B. C. D. parallel to the coastline. in various directions. from sea to land. from land to sea. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 In coastal areas during the heat of the day, wind blows A. B. C. D. parallel to the coastline. in various directions. from sea to land. from land to sea. Explanation: Land heats up more quickly than water, so rising warm air creates an area of low pressure over the land. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 At the equator, A. B. C. D. low pressure prevails, and air is warm and moist. high pressure prevails, and air is warm and moist. low pressure prevails, and air is warm and dry. high pressure prevails, and air is warm and dry. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 At the equator, A. B. C. D. low pressure prevails, and air is warm and moist. high pressure prevails, and air is warm and moist. low pressure prevails, and air is warm and dry. high pressure prevails, and air is warm and dry. Explanation: Air at the equator is moist due to evaporation. Low pressure prevails because warm air rises. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 At the horse latitudes (30ºN and 30ºS), A. B. C. D. low pressure prevails, and air is moist. high pressure prevails, and air is dry. low pressure prevails, and air is dry. high pressure prevails, and air is moist. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 At the horse latitudes (30ºN and 30ºS), A. B. C. D. low pressure prevails, and air is moist. high pressure prevails, and air is dry. low pressure prevails, and air is dry. high pressure prevails, and air is moist. Explanation: Air descending at the horse latitudes has lost most of its moisture. The sinking air creates high pressure at the surface. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Due to the Coriolis effect, how is a thrown object deflected in the Northern Hemisphere? A. B. C. D. The object travels straight but appears deflected to the right. The object travels in a curved path deflected to the right. The object travels straight but appears deflected to the left. The object travels in a curved path deflected to the left. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Due to the Coriolis effect, how is a thrown object deflected in the Northern Hemisphere? A. B. C. D. The object travels straight but appears deflected to the right. The object travels in a curved path deflected to the right. The object travels straight but appears deflected to the left. The object travels in a curved path deflected to the left. Explanation: As in the merry-go-round example, the object is now actually deflected. Only an observer on the merry-go-round sees an apparent deflection to the right. In the Southern Hemisphere, the apparent deflection is to the left. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 In the Northern Hemisphere, the prevailing path taken by surface winds in a high-pressure system is A. B. C. D. converging and clockwise. converging and counterclockwise. diverging and counterclockwise. diverging and clockwise. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 In the Northern Hemisphere, the prevailing path taken by surface winds in a high-pressure system is A. B. C. D. converging and clockwise. converging and counterclockwise. diverging and counterclockwise. diverging and clockwise. Explanation: In a high-pressure system, air descends and diverges. Coriolis then deflects wind to the right, making wind spiral clockwise. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Which of the following is NOT a reason surface currents form five gyres on Earth? A. B. C. D. The Coriolis force. Uneven heating. Salinity. The configuration of continents. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Which of the following is NOT a reason surface currents form five gyres on Earth? A. B. C. D. The Coriolis force. Uneven heating. Salinity . The configuration of continents. Explanation: Uneven heating drives the circulation of both water and air. The Coriolis force deflects surface currents, and continents control the size and distribution of gyres. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 If the relative humidity is 50%, what happens when the temperature drops and the mass of water in the air stays the same? A. B. C. D. Relative humidity drops. Relative humidity rises. Relative humidity stays the same. Outcome depends on the temperature of the air. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 If the relative humidity is 50%, what happens when the temperature drops and the mass of water in the air stays the same? A. B. C. D. Relative humidity drops. Relative humidity rises. Relative humidity stays the same. Outcome depends on the temperature of the air. Explanation: Cool air “holds” less water vapor than warm air. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 What happens if nearly saturated air experiences a quick, significant temperature drop? A. B. C. D. Relative humidity drops. Relative humidity rises. Condensation occurs. Outcome depends on the temperature of the air. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 What happens if nearly saturated air experiences a quick, significant temperature drop? A. B. C. D. Relative humidity drops. Relative humidity rises. Condensation occurs. Outcome depends on the temperature of the air. Explanation: Colder air “holds” less water than warmer air. Air that is nearly saturated will become saturated if it experiences a quick, significant temperature drop. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 What generally causes clouds to form? A. B. C. D. Falling relative humidity. Sinking of saturated air. Lifting of air. Addition of water vapor. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 What generally causes clouds to form? A. B. C. D. Falling relative humidity. Sinking of saturated air. Lifting of air. Addition of water vapor. Explanation: Recall that colder air “holds” less water than warmer air. Clouds generally form when air is lifted to altitudes where it is cold enough for the air to become saturated. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 High clouds have the prefix A. B. C. D. Nimbo-. Alto-. Strato-. Cirro-. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 High clouds have the prefix A. B. C. D. Nimbo-. Alto-. Strato-. Cirro-. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Which of the following is NOT associated with a cold front? A. B. C. D. Thunderstorms. Drop in air pressure. Gradually rising warm air. Clear skies behind the front. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Which of the following is NOT associated with a cold front? A. B. C. D. Thunderstorms. Drop in air pressure. Gradually rising warm air. Clear skies behind the front. Explanation: Gradually rising warm air is characteristic of a warm front. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Hurricanes fit into which category below? A. B. C. D. Cyclones. Anticyclones. Gyres. Cold fronts. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Hurricanes fit into which category below? A. B. C. D. Cyclones. Anticyclones. Gyres. Cold fronts. Explanation: Hurricanes have winds that spiral around a central low-pressure area—they are cyclones. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Air is considered unstable when it A. B. C. D. continues to rise because it is warmer than surrounding air. behaves unpredictably. warms as it descends. cools as it rises. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 Air is considered unstable when it A. B. C. D. continues to rise because it is warmer than surrounding air. behaves unpredictably. warms as it descends. cools as it rises. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 A hurricane’s source of energy is A. B. C. D. strong winds. evaporation of cool seawater. heat released from condensing water. rapidly sinking air. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 A hurricane’s source of energy is A. B. C. D. strong winds. evaporation of cool seawater. heat released from condensing water. rapidly sinking air. Explanation: Water contains large amounts of latent heat. In a low-pressure area, rising warm, moist air cools and condenses, which releases the latent heat. The air is thus further warmed, and because it rises, it draws more moist air into the central low. The cycle builds on itself, forming a positive feedback loop. Hurricanes lose their energy source when they move over land or cooler water. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 The major cause of the present increased greenhouse effect is A. B. C. D. naturally occurring water vapor. naturally occurring carbon dioxide. carbon monoxide from human activities. carbon dioxide from human activities. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 25 The major cause of the present increased greenhouse effect is A. B. C. D. naturally occurring water vapor. na75ally occurring carbon dioxide. carbon monoxide from human activities. carbon dioxide from human activities. Explanation: The input of carbon dioxide has increased dramatically since the Industrial Revolution of the late 19th century. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley