Transcript Hurricanes and similar storm systems begin over

Unit 8 Review
Mrs. Buffington
Which point on the map above is most
likely to be in the path of a hurricane?
A. P
B. Q
C. R
D. S
All hurricanes must have an energy source to
form and grow. From where does this energy
come?
• A. High air pressures
• B. Warm ocean waters
• C. The Earth's rotation on its axis
• D. Warm air rises and pulls cooler air is pulled into it
Hurricanes and similar storm systems begin
over oceans. The map below shows average
surface temperatures of the oceans in the
summer.
• A. Area 1
• B. Area 2
• C. Area 3
• D. Area 4
Which of the following is the source of
energy that drives the water cycle?
• A. Transpiration
• B. Gravity
• C. Condensation
• D. The sun
If you live far away from an ocean, which type
of climate would you most likely have?
• A. Marine
• B. Continental
• C. Subtropical
• D. Tropical
The photographs show how a
change in climate is affecting
the size of Grinnell Glacier in
Glacier National Park. Which of
the following best explains the
change in the glacier between
1910 and 1997?
• A. Higher total precipitation
• B. Higher rates of wind erosion
• C. Higher average temperatures
• D. Higher frequency of
earthquakes
Which of the following does not explain
the importance of the water cycle?
• A. The water cycle constantly adds pollution to the air.
• B. During the water cycle, water evaporates leaving behind dust and
other pollutants.
• C. The water cycle moves water from oceans, lakes, and seas, to land
areas.
• D. Without the water cycle all living organisms would die.
The air mass over the northwest
part of Texas is an area of
____________________;
therefore, the weather associated
with it is
______________________.Which
words complete the sentence?
• A. Low pressure I ¾ ;
stormy
• B. Low pressure I ¾; clear
• C. High pressure I ¾;
stormy
• D. High pressure I ¾; clear
Using the graphic, identify the direction the low
pressure system is moving across the state of
Texas.
• A. southeast to northwest
• B. southwest to northeast
• C. northwest to southeast
• D. northeast to southwest
Which is a representation (looks like) of a
weather map?
• A.
C.
• B.
D.
What is one condition that is necessary for
a hurricane to form?
• A. A strong cold front
• B. Cold ocean water
• C. Warm ocean water
• D. A strong warm front
Researchers place a jar containing a mixture of
sugar and water in a shady area of a lawn.
They count the number of times a wasp enters
the jar. Which of these is the most useful tool for
observing the wasps safely?
• A. Binoculars
• B. Microscope
• C. Mirror
• D. Hand lens
Which point is most likely to be in the path
of a hurricane?
• A. Q
• B. R
• C. P
Oceans cover most of Earth’s surface. If oceans
covered only a small area, how would this most
likely affect Earth?
• A. It would cause colder winters and hotter summers
• B. It would cause more heat in the winter
• C. It would cause higher amounts of rainfall each year
In Science class, students have been studying the effects that the Sun has on
initiating weather patterns that occur on a daily basis. The teacher had set up a
demonstration for the class to observe. Each group of students was asked to write
a statement as to how this model reflects the application of this concept.
After careful deliberation, each group came to a consensus and wrote an
explanation to present to the class as a whole. Examine the model set up by the
teacher. Choose the group that presented the best conclusion to the rest of the
Science class.
• A. GROUP ONE: “As a group, we think this applies more to the development of
seasons. In summer, the air is warmer near the Earth’s surface which is represented
by the warmer water being on the bottom of the beaker. Cooler air is found at a
higher altitude which is represented by the cooler water at the top of the beaker.”
• B. GROUP TWO: “After observing the movement of the water, we think that it
represents how the Sun heats the air and water molecules above oceans and land
which can cause high and low pressure systems. These systems drive the weather
patterns.”
• C. GROUP THREE: “We feel that this model represented the formation of ocean
currents and how the currents move weather patterns across the United States.”
• D. GROUP FOUR: “Our group thinks that the model does not represent weather
patterns at all because the heat source is on the bottom of the beaker, and the Sun
shines from above the Earth’s surface.”
Which of the following cause the winds to move
in the bands on the above diagram?
• A. The Earth’s rotation and the Earth’s revolution
• B. Plate movements and high pressure systems
• C. Location of the oceans and locations of the mountains
• D. Uneven heating of the Earth and Coriolis effect
Hurricane Ike-The Path of Destruction
• On September 13, 2008, Hurricane Ike descended on the coastline near Galveston
Island at approximately 2:10 AM. At the time it made landfall, it was only a Category
2 hurricane, but the devastation from the storm cost the United States an estimated
$29.6 billion dollars. The hurricane affected the coastlines of the Mississippi River
and the Florida Panhandle; basically, it affected all coastal areas that surrounded the
northern part of the Gulf of Mexico. It was the third costliest hurricane compared to
Hurricane Andrew of 1992 and Hurricane Katrina of 2005.
• Ike, like most Atlantic-regional hurricanes, originated as a severe tropical storm in
the equatorial regions of the Atlantic Ocean off the western coast of Africa. The trade
winds steer hurricanes to the west towards the Caribbean Sea and the North
American coastlines. The path of a hurricane is determined by global wind patterns
and high and low pressure systems. The wind speeds of a northbound hurricane
increase as the strength of the Coriolis Effect increases with latitude. Hurricanes
gather heat and energy through contact with warm ocean waters of 80 degrees or
warmer. All hurricanes rotate in a counter-clockwise motion around an “eye” which
is relatively calm. A storm surge, which is a rise in sea level above the usual tide level
causing flooding when the storm comes ashore, is usually the most damaging part of
a hurricane.
• Hurricane Ike’s storm surge, by the time it was making landfall, was 15 to 20 feet
above the island’s seawall. Ike’s size was one characteristic that made it so devastating.
By the time it headed inland, it nearly covered the state of Texas; its diameter was
about 600 miles wide. As Ike made its north-eastern path across the United States, it
damaged many of the buildings in Houston and other towns and cities. Although the
storm’s strength decreased in intensity, it still spawned tornadic activity which is quite
common for hurricanes.
• Many people had learned a lesson from Hurricane Katrina. The oil refineries in the
Gulf were shut down allowing the workers to leave before the storm made its path
across the Gulf. Some people fled while others decided to “ride it out.” This
evacuation was the largest in Texas’ history. Hurricane Ike caused the death of 195
people as it made its way across the United States.
• Today, the effects of Ike are still prevalent on Galveston Island. Many types of trees,
like palm trees, are still showing the effects of the sea water covering land for an
extended period of time. Fresh water plants cannot tolerate marine water. Some are
recovering slowly while others are dying.
• Hurricanes are one of Earth’s naturally occurring events that can affect the health and
welfare of people and the biotic and abiotic factors of an ecosystem. They can be very
dangerous, but they are also somewhat predictable.
Why do hurricanes in the northern hemisphere
move from Africa towards North America?
• A. The Coriolis Effect and the trade winds steer most weather patterns
from right to left in the northern hemisphere.
• B. Trade winds have a tendency to influence weather patterns to move
from left to right across the northern hemisphere increasing the chances
of hurricanes to form.
• C. The strength of the Coriolis Effect is much weaker in higher latitudes
and the trade winds drive weather patterns to move in a north-easterly
pattern.
• D. Strong ocean waves push weather patterns in a north-westerly motion
across the Atlantic and produces hurricanes as they move.