Transcript young pop 59

Sample Exam ? POP. GROWTH CH 14
See Lectures on Sept 18 + 25
A moth species breeds in late summer and leaves
only eggs to survive the winter. The adult dies
after laying eggs. One local population of the
moth increased from 5000 to 6000 in one year.
1. Does this species have overlapping
generations? Explain.
2. What is  for this population? Show calculations.
3. Predict the population size after 3 yrs. Show
calculations.
4. What is one assumption you make in predicting
the future population size?
Sample Exam ? POP. GROWTH CH 14
See Lectures on Sept 18 + 25
1) Review HW 9 = Pop. Growth Problem Set 1 (see
website for answers)
2) Complete Pop. Growth Problem Set 2
(see lab manual pg. 59-60)
Problem 1 is in previous slide…
We did problems 1 + 3 in lecture.
Do Problem 2 as a way to review Life Tables.
Do Problem 4 to learn how to project population
size in the future and to determine whether the
population’s age distribution is becoming stable
through time. See pg. 274-6 + Tables/Figures.
Sample ?s - Human Pop Growth +
Ecological Footprint
• See Study Guide on main website
under this lecture topic
Sample ?s Conservation Biology
• See Study Guide on main website
under this lecture topic
Sample exam ? HERBIVORY CH 17
1. Contrast the main difference in these types of
plant chemical defenses:
A. Constitutive
B. Inducible
2. Relative to a constitutive defense, how does an
inducible defense benefit the plant?
What is one potential negative aspect of an
inducible defense?
Question cont.
3. Showshoe hares eat young shoots of trees in
winter. Ecologists found that trees with a high %
shoots eaten in Year 1 had a high concentration
of chemical defense in Year 2.
The question is: Did herbivory in Yr 1 CAUSE the
high defense in yr 2?
A. Develop an “if…then” that addresses this
observation.
B. Complete a figure to illustrate the expected
results that would support your hypothesis.
Label axes.
C. What is a key assumption underlying your
hypothesis?
Sample Exam ? PREDATION CH 18
Birds, especially warblers, are primary
predators of the insect spruce budworm,
an invading pest of boreal forests. The
ability of the predators to control these
prey during a huge outbreak of the
budworm was monitored.
1) Warblers showed a Type II functional
response to increasing prey density.
Illustrate this response in Fig. A. Explain
the shape of the predator’s response.
2) Warblers also show a numerical response
to increasing prey density. Illustrate this
response in Fig. B.
3. Which type of response, functional or numerical,
is made by individual warblers?
4. Fig. C shows the population response of the
warblers to increasing prey density. Were the
predators able to control these prey? Explain.
(On all three figures, the x axis label is:
No. of insects/0.9m2 leaves
Fig. A: y axis = No. of insects/stomach
Fig B: y axis = No. nesting pairs/100 acres
Fig C: y axis = Mortality due to predators (%).
The curve in Fig. C goes sharply up at low density
and slowly falls as density increases.
Sample exam ? COMPETITION CH 19
The figure below illustrates the distribution of two
species of buttercups along a transect across
ridge (high land) and furrow (low valley)
grassland.
1. In one sentence summarize the results.
2. Provide two alternative hypotheses (If…then) for
the observed pattern.
3. Draw or describe one complete experiment that
would test both hypotheses.
4. What specific results from the experiment would
provide support for your hypothesis 1 above?
Figure for preceding ?
No. of
plants
Sp 1 peaks on furrow (F)
and is low on ridge (R)
Sp 2 peaks on ridge (R)
Is low on furrow (F)
F
R
F
R
F
R
F
Distance along transcect (m)
Exam question: MUTUALISMS CH 20
Acacia trees have a mutualistic relationship with
ants.
1. Develop an “if…then…” relating to the benefit of
the mutualism to the plant.
2. Does the existence of the mutually beneficial
traits in this mutualism confirm this relationship as
an example of cfoevoltuion? Explain, including what
is the best evidence of coevolution.
3. Not all species of acacia form a mutualism with
ants. In a setting where herbivore pressure is low,
why might the mutualism not have arisen?
4. In some areas where herbivore pressure is high,
the mutualism with ants has not arisen. Predict two
alternative anti-herbivore defenses these acacias
may be using.
Sample ?s Invasion Ecology
• See Study Guide on main website
under this lecture topic