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The process by which plants make their own food occurs in_______ A. chloroplasts B. mitochondria C. the large central vacuole D. the nucleus For photosynthesis, a plant requires _____________ and _____________. A. carbon dioxide and water B. hydrogen and oxygen C. sugar and carbon dioxide D. water and oxygen ECOLOGY CRCT REVIEW- PART 1 ABIOTIC Non Living parts of the environment BIOTIC The living parts of the environment ORGANIZATION There are five levels to an ecosystem. Five levels Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Organsism CARRYING CAPACITY: Maximum population an ecosystem can support The holes in the bucket are factors that affect the carrying capacity. LIMITING FACTOR What Element of an ecosystem that causes the carrying capacity Tons of water but no food. Food is the limiting factor. ADAPTATION Any trait that helps an organism survive. Adapt to the environment. weather resources Adapt to avoid predators Adapt to catch prey. Plants adapt to survive. BIODIVERSITY Large variety of organisms in an ecosystem. Means Ecosystem is healthy Resist Disease Resist environmental Change Some species can go extinct and still have a healthyEcosystem HOW CAN ORGANISMS INTERACT? Three main types of interactions: Competition Predator Prey Symbiosis SO WHAT IS COMPETITION? When two organisms fight for the same resources WHAT INCREASES COMPETITION? An increase in population A decrease in resources PREDATOR-PREY Predator The animal that hunts Prey The animal that is hunted MUTUALISM Both organisms help each other. COMMENSALISM One is helped the other is not affected. Rare PARASITISM A type of relationship where one organism benefits while harming the other organism. SYMBIOSIS – A RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH TWO DIFFERENT ORGANISM LIVE IN CLOSE ASSOCIATION WITH EACH OTHER. Mutualism – a relationship between two species in which both species benefit Commensalism – a relationship between two species in which one benefits and the other is unharmed Parasitism - a relationship between two species in which one benefits and the other is harmed PRODUCERS Use ENERGY from the Sun to make FOOD Food stores ENERGY CONSUMERS Eat or “Consume” producers Bobcat Third-level Consumer Weasel Second-level Consumer Prickly Pear Cactus Producer Woodrat First-level Consumer FOOD WEB Whole ecosystem Many Interacting Food Chains ENERGY PYRAMIDS An energy pyramid is a diagram that shows how much energy is at each step of the food chain. A 3d food chain. Shows how many organisms at each step of food chain Where are there more organisms?Why? REVIEW FOOD CHAIN. Producer- Makes food. Plants (aka autotrophs) Consumer-Eats food. Animals (aka heterotrophs) Primary-first consumer. Eats plants. Secondary-eats primary Tertiary-third level- eats secondary Quaternary-fourth level. 3rd or 4th is usually “Top of the food chain” Decomposer Breaks down dead stuff. Puts nutrients back into soil. QUIZ REVIEW Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere Biotic Abiotic Competition Carrying Capacity Limiting Factor Predator Prey Producer Consumer Mutualism Parasitism Commensalism Food Web Food Chain Energy Pyramid 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. What is an ecosystem? What are ways to increase Competition? What are ways to decrease competition? What happens when a population goes over its carrying capacity? What determines a populations carrying capacity? What are the six levels of an ecosystem Where does energy in a food chain come from? What happens to energy as it goes through an energy pyramid? Why is an energy pyramid big at the bottom and small at the top.