Transcript Interdependence in the Sea

Interdependence in
the water
In the aquatic world, there are many
relationships among organisms.
A relationship in which organisms
interact in a mutually dependent
way is called interdependence.
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
ORGANISMS
POPULATIONS
COMMUNITIES
ECOSYSTEMS
BIOSPHERE
• The part of the
Earth
that supports life is
called the
biosphere.
Aquatic Ecology
The study of the interactions of
living things with each other and their
environment is called ecology.
The study of such interactions
within the ocean is called aquatic
ecology.
Ecosystems
Ecosystems are specific areas of study
and are
made up of
both Living
(Biotic)
and Nonliving
(Abiotic)
factors.
•An ecosystem is made up of the
interdepences among the
populations in a community
AND the
community’s
abiotic
factors.
The place where an
organism lives is
its habitat.
Community
•a collection of
interacting
populations
Example: Trout population
influences the eagle population
because they use them for food.
Less trout means less eagles and
vice versa
•Every species has a
particular function in
its community.
•This is its
niche.
POPULATION
A group of organisms
of one species that
interbreed and live in
the same place at the
same time.
Members of the same
population compete
with one another for
food, water, mates,
and other resources.
All organisms are
adapted for life in a
particular
environment.
(Adaptation – a change over time
to fit a new or special use or situation)
Producers are the
organisms that
can ‘produce’
their own food
through
photosynthesis;
green plants,
some bacteria.
Consumers are
organisms that
get their energy
either directly
or indirectly
from producers.
Primary
Consumers are
those that eat
plants
(Herbivores).
Secondary
consumers are
organisms that feed
on the primary
consumers.
Top Consumers are
those that feed on
secondary
consumers.
Decomposers
breakdown remains of
dead organisms
keeping remains from
building up.
Ecological Relationships
When organisms live together they
constantly interact with each other.
Some of these interactions are
beneficial while others are harmful.
However, all result in a balance that
maintains the natural state of nature.
Competition
- crowded population leads to scarce
resources and results in competition for
survival.
Both sides lose (-,-)
Predation
- one organism eats another.
One benefits while the other is harmed
(+,-) situation
Parasitism
- one organism lives off another.
Also a (+,-) situation
Commensalism
- one organism benefits while the other
is not hurt.
Mutualism
- both organisms benefit
(+,+) situation
Food chains are simple representations
of a feeding network.
Aquatic Plant
Smelt
Heron
Food webs show how all organisms in
an ecosystem are connected to one
another.
Duck
Terrestrial Plant
Sparrow
Hawk
Grasshopper
Shrew
Food Webs
All
organisms
are
connected to
one another
in many
complex
food webs.
autotroph
1st Order
Consumer
decompose
r
3rd order
2nd order
What are the types of interdependence
shown below?
What are the types of interdependence
shown below?