Transcript Species attributes

Biological attributes and traits workshop of the
European Marine Observation and Data Network
Flanders Marine Institute, Oostende
13/12/2012
Outline workshop
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Introduction and objectives (30’)
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EMODnet , EMODnet Biology and EMODnet data workshops
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Workshop objectives
Introductionary presentations and exisiting initiatives (1.30h)
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Tom Webb: gaps, biases and added value of biological trait information
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Harvey Tyler Walters, MBA: The BIOTIC example
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Mark Costello: marine classifications for ecological data
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Adrian Glover: A new functional trait classification for deep-sea fauna
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Overview available information in WoRMS (30’)
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Discussions (3.00h)
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Best suitable classification system(s) to use
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Identify gaps in WoRMS
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List of priorities
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Implement data grant system to collect information
Introduction: Background EMODnet
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European Commission: An Integrated Maritime Policy for the European Union (2007)
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Key: Consider all aspects of the oceans and seas in a holistic, integrated
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Governance framework
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Cross-sectoral tools
…
a source of Data and Information for decision-making
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promote the multi-dimensional mapping of Member States' waters
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European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODNet)
Background EMODnet
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An Integrated Maritime Policy for the European
Union
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Address whole chain “from observation to
information”
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Need to unlock access to existing data AND fill
existing gaps
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Complementary to other initiatives
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Data Management
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EMODNET as a system of systems
Organize a common data management
approach accepted by all actors to ensure that
data are available to all
Interoperability by adopting EU-INSPIRE
principles
EMODnet: Preparatory actions (2009-2012)
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2009-2012: Preparatory actions EMODNET- Assemble fragmented and inaccessible marine
data into interoperable, contiguous and publicly available data streams for complete
maritime basins.
•
define the appropriate processes, best technology and approximate costs of a
final EMODNET
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provide first components of a final system which will be useful to provide
value-added services.
EMODnet pilot data portals
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Chemsitry
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Geology
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Physics
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Hydrography
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Seabed habitats
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Biology
Use OGC/(INSPIRE) standards for
interoperability between Portals
Background EMODnet
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Tender Biological Lot :
Temporal/Spatial distribution Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Angiosperms, Macro-algae,
Invertebrate bottom fauna, Birds, Sea mammals, Reptiles. Parameters: Abundance,
Biomass. Geographic Focus: North Sea incl. Kattegat, Channel; Bay of Biscay, Iberian Coast
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Proposal Biological Lot:
1.
Build on EurOBIS
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Building data/metadata portal + integrate biological data and data products
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Gap analysis & data inventory (Leen, next presentation)
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Identify additional data and possible data products (workshops)
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Collect data, calculate & analyse data products (workshops)
EMODnet second phase (2013-2016)
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2012: new tender:
Knowledge base for growth and innovation in ocean economy: assembly and dissemination
of marine data for seabed mapping
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VLIZ coordinated new proposal (submitted 10/09/2012)
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The biological portal should provide data and metadata on surveys in the water column and on the
sea-bed from all species groups, all European waters
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Creation for each of these species groups, a gridded set of map layers showing the average
abundance of the species in a set of time window (seasonal or annual as appropriate).
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Special attention should be given to those species and communities (habitats) which are protected
by EU Directives and international conventions, and those to be used as indicators for Marine
Strategy Framework Directive. The level of protection (if appropriate) of a given species should be
included
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The portal should also calculate spatially distributed data products specifically
relevant for Marine Strategy Framework Directive Descriptor 2 (non-indigenous
species)
EMODnet second phase (2013-2016)
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2012: new tender:
Specific work package dealing with species attributes:
“WP2: Identification and collection of species, species attributes and species indicator
information”
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Identification and collection of species and species attributes information
Lead: Marine Biological Association (MBA) + University Auckland (representing World Register of Marine Species),
IFREMER, ICES, SAHFOS, GBIF, MARUM, VLIZ
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D2.1 List of species tagged with role and importance within MSFD reporting and the linked descriptor for
inclusion in ERMS/WoRMS (M6).
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D2.2.EU-wide assessment of those species and communities identified by national MSFD leads as required for
MSFD monitoring and reporting (M18).
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D2.3: Organization of a data attributes workshop to discuss a standardized vocabulary and prioritize the
biological attribute and trait information, in collaboration with WoRMS taxonomic
editors (M6).
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D2.4: Publication of proposed standardized species attributes vocabulary (M24).
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D2.5: Selected European marine species tagged with relevant species attributes
information and available through WoRMS and on the EMODnet biological portal (M36).
The data portal system
→ Based on EurOBIS data system: standards
→ Uses OBIS scheme for integrating biogeographic data
→ Linked with global systems (OBIS-IODE/IOC-GBIF)
→ Taxonomy matched with World Register of Marine Species
→ Geographic standards: OGC compliant, Marine Regions for geographic names/boundaries
1. The data portal and (new) functionalities
http://bio.emodnet.eu/portal
→
Data querying (taxa; parameters, datasets, layers)
WoRMS
View
List
Search by species group
name (scientific,
(cfr tender)common)
Filter
Download
Metadata
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The portal functionalities
→
Taxonomic functionalities (WoRMS)
Autocompletion taxonomic search queries
Show map, include child taxa
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Show map, including synonyms
April 7, 2017
The portal functionalities
→
Data visualization
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Records aggregated: increased performance, overview data density
EMODnet
The portal functionalities
→
Data visualization
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Overview data attributes from EurOBIS
EMODnet
http://bio.emodnet.eu/portal
Link with WoRMS for taxonomic q.c.
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http://bio.emodnet.eu/portal
Plot/retrieve observation data (EurOBIS)
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4/7/2017
http://bio.emodnet.eu/portal
Plot/retrieve distribution Layer (product) (FAO Map)
http://bio.emodnet.eu/portal
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2. Data content: growth EurOBIS
EMODnet
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EMODnet Biology workshops
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EMODnet Biological Data Workshop:
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Series of workshop to interact with marine biological community
initiated/funded by EMODnet Biology
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Three workshops so far:
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EMODnet data products workshop (Feb 2010)
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EMODnet data analysis workshop (Oct 2011)
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EMODnet attributes workshop (Dec 2012)
EMODnet Biological data workshops
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Biological Data Products Workshop:
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Oostende, 25-26 February 2010 (> 40 partners)
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Workshop report : recommendations data products
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Objectives data products workshop:
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To define a set of derived data products relevant for private
bodies, public authorities and researchers
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Discuss the marine biological (monitoring) data availability in
Europe and gaps
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Present protoype portal to wide(r) community of European
Biological Experts and capture feedback
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Outcome workshop
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The big question
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Indices that indicate the status and the future evolution (further
degradation/improvement) of marine ecosystems in Europe
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Assist in managing the future of the sea
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Using current databases, monitoring programmes and scientific knowledge
Data needed
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Species trait information: functional (e.g. trophic role), structural (e.g. reefforming), tolerance (e.g. temp. range), body size, diet, feeding method,
reproduction timing, fecundity, dispersal, longevity…
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Special attention for biological structural elements (e.g. Reefs, biogenic habitats)
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Species presence, abundance, biomass data at different scales
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Environmental data at different (matching) scales: physical, biogeochemical
Outcome workshop
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Also, special attention should be given to those species and communities
(habitats) which are protected by EU Directives and international
conventions, and those to be used as indicators or have specific ‘legal’
status
 Species
attributes: species should be categorised using specific
attributes like their trophic level, the habitat in which they occur, their life
history, if they are invasive, if it’s HAB, if it’s a specific indicator species for
OSPAR, the bird or habitat directive.
=> The ERMS/WoRMS marine species register should be used as the taxonomic
backbone for the attributes.
EMODnet data products
Outcomes products from Biological data product workshop
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Workshop report available
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Data products:
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Species distribution maps and trends
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full coverage maps for number of key species based on extrapolation and delineation of species occurrence
based on environmental parameters
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species occurence maps with temporal component for species no longer observed (within certain region) or
species newly introduced (in certain region), endemic species for european waters,…
Biodiversity indices
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maps with gridded presentation of species richness (es(50), shannon index; simpson index, hill numbers,…)
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European maps of marine biogegraphic regions by delineating ecological zones
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maps with biological valuation scores for subzones (grids) combining available data
Species attributes
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functional groups, HAB’s, invasive species, red list or protected species, species relevant to MFSD, HD, BD).
Species sensitivity and vulnerability maps
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maps with occurence of species with high sensitivity to oil pollution, windmill collisions, sand extraction,
shell-fishing, ....
4. Biological data workshops
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Biological Data Analysis Workshop:
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Crete, 25-27 October 2011 ( 10 partners)
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Workshop report
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4 Scientific workgroups
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Presense data (1), Biogeographic areas (2),
Invasive species (3), Explain species distributions (4)
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Uniqueness of integrated database
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Make usefull products for science, policy
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Improve, enlarge database
4. Biological data workshops
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(1) Mathematical approach to use presence data to:
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For calculating probability of occurrence
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For biodiversity indices (weighted ES50)
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For calculating absence data
(2) Can we distinguish the most biologically
meaningfull biogeographic marine classifications
instrumental for ecosystem based management,
based on our biological observation data
Cluster analysis species composition c-squares: 20% similarity clusters
Deneudt et al., in prep.
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April 7, 2017
4. Biological data workshops
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Homogenization of biota due to native species loss and
introduction of exotics. Effect invasive on taxonomic
distinctness index
Effect invasive species on taxnomic diversity (Bulleri et al., in prep.)
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Link predator (Fulmar, ESAS data), prey (Calanus finmarchicus , CPR) distribution.
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Predator prey interactions between Fulamars and Clanus (Stienen et al., in prep.)
Extensive gaps and biases in our knowledge of a well-known fauna:
implications for integrating biological traits into macroecology
(Tyler et al, 2012: Global Ecol. Biogeogr)
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Importance of trait information:
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organism's interactions with its environment and with
other organisms are determined by its traits
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Traits can be linked to ecosystem functioning
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Linking traits to abundance and distribution patterns:
understand large scale patterns
Relevant traits
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Life history (life span, growth rate, body size)
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Reproduction (egg size fecundity)
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Feeding Ecology (trophic level, diet)
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Behaviour (dispersal ability)
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Extensive gaps and biases in our knowledge of a well-known fauna:
implications for integrating biological traits into macroecology
(Tyler et al, 2012: Global Ecol. Biogeogr)
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Method:
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looked at marine fauna associated with seabed around UK
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Best recorded in OBIS (number of records)
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CEFAS , CSEMP , MNCR , BIOMOR, Seasearch Monitoring programmes
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Sources traits from BIOTIC, Hayward & Rayland, Fishbase, the library
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Trait
Body size
Diet
Importance
Maximum linear dimension (mm)
Key life history and macroecological trait (Gaston & Blackburn, 2000;
Hildrew et al., 2007), correlates with other traits, e.g. metabolic rate
(Brown et al., 2004), and response to disturbance, e.g. (
ExtensiveMajor
gaps
and biases in our knowledge
of a well-known fauna:
components of diet (e.g. plankton,
Determines trophic structure, energy flow and nutrient cycling within
detritus,
communities
implications
for integrating biological
traits into macroecology
invertebrates, fish)
Feeding method
Mode of food capture (e.g. grazer, predator,
filter
feeder)
Influences inter-specific interactions, nutrient and energy cycling and
predicts response to disturbance
Reproductive
timing
Reproductive frequency (no. of breeding
attempts
per year); reproductive duration (length of
breeding season); reproductive season
Determines annual productivity, as well as changes in phenology as a
response to climate change (e.g. Edwards & Richardson, 2004)
Fecundity
Annual fecundity (number of eggs/young
produced
in a reproductive event); egg size
Related to rate of population increase (e.g. Jennings et al., 1998; McGill
et al.,
2006) and thus to (meta)population dynamics and response to
environmental change
Larval
dispersal
Larval development mode (presence of a
planktonic larval stage); larval duration
(duration of the larval period; scored as 0 for
live-bearers)
Influences geographic range size (Jablonski, 1986) and the relationship
between distribution and abundance (Foggo et al., 2007)
Adult
dispersal
Adult movement method (mode of movement,
e.g. crawling, swimming, burrowing, sessile);
adult migration (existence of significant
post-recruitment horizontal movements outside
typical daily movements)
Important in determining large-scale colonization and extinction
dynamics in response to changing environmental conditions, which is
key
to structuring macroecological relationships
Longevity
Adult life span (maximum recorded life span);
age
at maturity (minimum recorded age at maturity)
Influences population dynamics through effects on reproductive strategy
and
response to disturbance (Jennings et al., 1998)
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Extensive gaps and biases in our knowledge of a well-known fauna:
implications for integrating biological traits into macroecology
(Tyler et al, 2012: Global Ecol. Biogeogr)
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EMODnet
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EMODnet
Extensive gaps and biases in our knowledge of a well-known fauna:
implications for integrating biological traits into macroecology
(Tyler et al, 2012: Global Ecol. Biogeogr)
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Discussions & Conclusions
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First assessment of the state of biological knowledge
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lack of information is startling, with full knowledge for just 9% of the 973. For invertebrates,
including familiar and commercially important species such as mussels, oysters, crabs and
lobsters, we have no data at all on the biological traits of nearly a quarter of species
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results to reflect a genuine lack of data on the biological traits of UK marine species, not least
because in recent decades basic studies of the biological traits of individual species have
seldom been a high research priority
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Filling gaps in our knowledge will require both additional data collection and development of
the statistical techniques for estimating missing trait values. In addition a concerted effort is
required to collate existing trait data and to make them available in a standard format
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EMODnet
Objectives
1.
Overview of existing attribute information systems and assess the
feasibility of a standardized vocabulary and how to implement
2.
Present existing information in WoRMS and identify gaps
3.
Make priority list of most appropriate attributes and traits, based on
importance, feasibility and resources (sources of information, time and
experts)
4.
Work out a data grant system and identify projects for funding
EMODnet second phase (2013-2016)
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2012: new tender:
WP2: Identification and collection of species, species attributes and species indicator information
Lead:
Marine Biological Association (MBA) + University Auckland (representing World Register of Marine Species),
IFREMER, ICES, SAHFOS, GBIF, MARUM, VLIZ
Objectives: The general aim of this work package is to streamline the data and data products that will be collated and created during the project, in line with the
priorities that are developed under EU Directives and international conventions. This will be done through the maintenance of an operational link between the Working
Group on Data, Information and Knowledge Exchange (WG-DIKE) established under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the EMODnet Biology project. The link
will be met by identifying and focusing on the relevant species, communities, indicators and data types identified under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive.
Furthermore, this work package will extend its work to collect and store information on different managerial, functional, and structural species attributes in a structured
and accessible manner. This is to ensure that the resulting information can be integrated into the querying tools of the EMODnet Biology portal increasing the portals
performance for targeted search by different user groups. These tools will be implemented through the utilization of the European/World Register of Marine Species
(ERMS/WoRMS) to store the species attribute information.
Activities
WT 2.1:
Identification of species and species attributes information
Lead:
Marine Biological Association (MBA, UK)
+ IFREMER, ICES, SAHFOS
This work task will identify 1) the species and communities (habitats as described by the EUNIS classification - http://eunis.eea.europa.eu/) which are protected by EU
Directives and international conventions, and those to be used as indicators of relevant MSFD descriptors, 2) biological data types of particular relevance for MSFD
through collaboration with national MSFD implementation teams, 3) suitable MSFD datasets in close collaboration with the Working Group on Data, Information and
Knowledge Exchange established under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive Common Implementation Strategy. The main deliverables from this work theme are:
Deliverables
D2.1 List of species tagged with role and importance within MSFD reporting and the linked descriptor for inclusion in ERMS/WoRMS (M6).
D2.2.EU-wide assessment of those species and communities identified by national MSFD leads as required for MSFD monitoring and reporting (M18).
EMODnet second phase (2013-2016)

2012: new tender:
WT2.2:
Collection of species attributes information
Lead:
University of Auckland, representing WoRMS (NZ) + MARUM, GBIF, MBA, VLIZ
This task will focus on the collection of specific species-related information: protection status species have in legal frameworks (see also WT 2.1), if they are
invasive, harmful (e.g. Harmful Algal Blooms), or if a species is a specific indicator species. This information will be made available together with biological and
ecological attribute information on functional and structural species attributes (preferred habitat, feeding ecology, reproduction, behavior, life history…) in addition
to identifying ecosystem services that are provided by such species. Such information is currently very difficult to obtain, is often scattered, and is limited to a
particular region or taxon group. However, the lack of an integrated, standardized system serving this biological information hampers large-scale functional analysis
of the status of marine ecosystems. The importance of this species attribute information was also highlighted during several EMODnet user workshops that were
organised during the biology preparatory action of EMODnet. The Biological Traits Information Catalogue (BIOTIC) containing information on over 40 biological trait
categories on selected benthic species, the marine sections of the EUNIS habitat classification and the MAREDAT atlas of marine planktonic functional types will act
as starting points for the compilation of a European functional and structural species attributes register. As this information is typically assigned at the species level,
we will use the ERMS/WoRMS marine species register as the taxonomic backbone to store the attribute information. This will be done in close collaboration with
the WoRMS taxonomic editors. The main deliverables from this work theme are:
Deliverables
D2.3: Organization of a data attributes workshop to discuss a standardized vocabulary and prioritize the biological attribute and trait
information, in collaboration with WoRMS taxonomic editors (M6).
D2.4: Publication of proposed standardized species attributes vocabulary (M24).
D2.5: Selected European marine species tagged with relevant species attributes information and available through WoRMS and on the
EMODnet biological portal (M36).