Transcript Diapositive 1

Topic
DIVERSITY AND ETHNOZOOLOGICAL STUDY OF
SMALL MAMMALS IN SURROUNDING VILLAGE
OF PENDJARI BIOSPHERE RESERVE IN
NORTHERN BENIN
By
S. DJAGOUN, V. KINDOMIHOU & B. SINSIN
Outline
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Introduction
Specific objectives
Study Site
Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
• In Africa, wildlife resources contributed to the well being of the
population mainly through hunting, ecotourism, handicraft
activities.
• Most of the wildlife resources are concentrated in the National park
and Biosphere reserve where local people are characterized by
unemployment, few local economic opportunities, and dependency
on limited natural resources
• Research on conservation of wildlife in reserves in Benin has
focused on large mammals due to their appeal for hunting, tourism
and related uses.
• Consequently, vigorous surveillance measures developed in
protected areas increasingly discourage poaching of large animals
INTRODUCTION
• hunting of small mammals has increased due to their
transport ease (because of their size) without being
stopped by park guards.
• Few scientific studies have assessed the diversity of
small mammals targeted for hunting and their
importance for communities bordering the reserve.
• Ethnozoology of small mammals at the border of
Pendjari Biosphere Reserve (PBR) may be one of the
major way to influence decision making on small
conservation.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
•
determine specific richness of small mammal species in the villages of
Pendjari Biosphere Reserve.
•
the relationship between the human and small mammal populations that
flavor or not their conservation.
•
evaluate the different traps technical of small mammal species in their
habitat used by the villages sampled.
•
determine socio-economic, cultural role of small mammal in the site study
STUDY SITE
METHODS
village sampled
KAOUBAGOU
BATIA
FIROU
PORGA
TANOUGOU
TCHATINGOU
DASSARI
TCHANWASSAGA
12 villages
TIELE-KANE
KAYARGA
NANEBOU
METHODS
 Small mammal definition
according to Lamotte and Bourlière (1985) small mammal
includes all mammals whose weight or size is less than the
hare (3-5 Kg) or the marmot (6-10 Kg).
For the purposes of this study, small mammals included all
species having at least the size of a grass-cutter
(Thryonomys swinderianus) (overall length: 40-80 cm; Weight: 7
to 10 kg)
METHODS
Surveys
Local perception of the diversity of small
mammal species was determined through
focus group discussions (5-6 surveys per
group),
using a poster featuring high quality images of
the species presumed to be present in PBR to
ensure that the interviewees recognized the
species and to limit confusion risk.
frequency of nomination of each species has been
calculated
METHODS
Ethnozoological surveys
Combination of semi-structured methods and household
Data collected
30 people (hunters, farmers, and park guards)
were surveyed in each village.
Data collected: Favourite species in the feeding,
last observation period of each species
trapping techniques, medicinal use, cultural items,
vernacular name and totem species
METHODS
Data analysis
• The small mammal trapping techniques across the
twelve villages was subjected to Correspondence Factorial
Analysis (CFA) by using SASv8.2 software.
• We calculated the percentage of each variable such as the
favourite species in the feeding, medicine, and totem
species.
• the small mammals species determine by local perception
were regrouped in different classes by realizing the
numerous classification analysis.
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Diversity of small mammals according to the local perception
Pendjari Biosphere Reserve
Rodents (25 species)
Carnivores (12 species)
43 species
Primates (2 species)
Insectivores (2 species)
Lagomorphes (1 species)
Hyracoides (1 species)
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Small mammals constitute an important food
resource in the study area except
those whose adult size
remains small
(Mastomys sp, Mus
haussa, Myomys
derooi…)
those having nauseous
secretions (Crocidura
sp …)
those which represents a totem for some social
clans or relative believes (Atelerix albiventris,
Galago senegalensis, Lutra maculicollis, Xerus
erythropus, Cricetomys gambianus…)
Small mammals are used for medicinal purposes to treat belly aches,
incurable wounds, earaches, sexual impotence and abscess.
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Observation period according to local perception
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Es p e c e s
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RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Level of knowledge about the believes associated to the small mammal species
Adults
youngs
87 %
percentage (%)
100
80
60
69 %
57 %
43 %
53 %
47 %
31%
40
13 %
20
0
0-1 year
1-5 years
5-10 years
>10 years
observation periods
The believes associated to the small mammal are less known by the young
people for the rare species which have been observed since more than 5 years
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Feeding importance of the small mammal’s species
Middle rank by order of
preference
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Grass cutter
hare
squirrel
Genet
Mongoose
Rock hyrax
species
The grass cutter was the most appreciated species (χ² = 360.8, p <0.05)
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Socio-cultural values of small mammal
35
33.3
30
Percentage (%)
25
20
15
11.6
10
7.2
6.3
5
2.3
2.1
1.7
1.3
Atelerix
albiventris
Cricetomys
gambianus
Genetta genetta
Ictonyx striatus
0.7
0
Lemniscomys
striatus
Xerus
erythropus
Lepus crawshayi
Galago
senegalensis
Espèces
Lutra maculicollis
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
In Kaoubagou
Hunting techniques of small mammals according to the villages sampled
Local trap are
commonly used
trap to cable (C),
thetrap
stickinuse
bow(A),
(D),
dogs
use
(H)
and
and trap to the
excavation
mice (E)of the
terriers or holes (G)
Are most used in
The use of gun
Tanougou, Batia,
(F) and trap to
Tchanwassaga,
jaw (B) are the
Tiélé, Kané,
most frequent
in
Nanébou
and
Birikiri, Kayarga,
Dassari.
Tchatingou and
Firou
CONCLUSION
•Small mammals bush meat consumption by the population of the PBR
constitutes a food complement, not the essential of protein in the food
because it isn’t available in sufficient quantity
•It presupposes that if the forestry administrator of the PBR is able to
propose adequate alternatives for consumption of small mammal bush
meat, local populations would be more susceptible to reduce the
pressure on the remaining small mammals and this can allow the
growth of their population.
We have suggested some activities such as:
•the ranching of some small mammal species that are already
documented for example grass cuter (Thryonomys swinderianus) and
gambian rat (Cricetomys gambianus).
• installation of poultry farms which must be ruled by the local
populations.
Acknowledgments
Thank you for your
kind attention