Transcript Ecology Review

Ecology - The study of the
relationships of organisms to one
another and to their physical
surroundings.
_____ _____are resources that
limit the size of populations of
organisms in an ecosystem.
-Limiting Factors
-examples:
-climate
-water
-habitat
-predation
-pollution
Carrying Capacity
the maximum population size of the species that
the environment can sustain.
Biotic or Abiotic?
Plants growing in a field.
-Biotic
Climate of an ecosystem.
-Abiotic
Decomposing plant matter.
-Biotic
Rocks in the soil.
-Abiotic
Biotic Factors
• Definition
• noun, plural: biotic factors
• A factor created by a living thing or any living component within
an environment in which the action of the organism affects the life of
another organism, for example a predator consuming its prey.
•
Supplement
• Biotic factors are factors resulting from the activities of a living thing or
any living component in an environment, such as the actions of
an organism affecting the life of anothers organism.
• For instance, in a quail’s environment, the biotic factors are the living
elements of the environment such as the quail’s prey like insects, seeds,
etc. and the quail’s predators like coyotes
Niche
Occupation (What they do)
Ex. Bird
-Build nests, gather food for
chicks, protect eggs, etc.
Habitat
Residence (Where they live)
Ex. Bird
-Nest in tree
Engage Student
Section 2: Add….. Explain Why.
Population
• A group of organisms of the
same species
Biotic Only
Biotic only? Or Both Biotic and
Abiotic
Populations
• A group of organisms of the
same species
Community
• Populations living together in
same area
Biotic Only
Biotic only? Or Both Biotic and
Abiotic
Communities
• Populations living together in
same area
Ecosystem
• Communities, plus the abiotic
factors, living together in same
area
Biotic and Abiotic!
Biotic only? Or Both Biotic and
Abiotic
Ecosystem
Communities, plus the abiotic
factors, living together in same
area
Biosphere
• All of the ecosystems on the
planet combined
Symbiosis “Living Together”
•A close relationship
between 2 or more
species
Mutualism
• The cleaner fish eats
parasites out of the
inside of this moray
eel. It gets a meal
and is protected from
predators by the
fierce eel. The Moray
eel gets clean of
parasites.
Commensalism
A Ramora fish follows a shark feeding off of the
shark’s scraps and getting protection from the
“big bad fish”. The Ramora fish does not
bother the shark.
Parasitism
A Mistletoe has no
roots of its own and
lives off the tree
that it attaches
itself to. It slowly
chokes out the life
of the host tree.
Energy Pyramid
If the producer
in this pyramid
yeilds 2100
kcals of energy,
then the 2nd
level consumer
will get
about……
21 kcals!
copyright cmassengale
20
Competition
Occurs when 2 organisms try to use the same
resource at the same place at the same time.
Ex. cheetahs and lions, since both species feed
on the same prey
Which organism is the squirrel
in competition with?
•The Bird
Carrying Capacity
the maximum population size of the species that
the environment can sustain.
Biological Magnification
• Toxins (increase/decrease) as they
move through trophic levels.
Increase!
Succession
•Natural, gradual changes
in the types of species
that live in an area
Pioneer Plants
-Lichens
-Mosses
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu
http://www.saguaro-juniper.com/
Secondary Succession
Climax community
Pioneer plants
http://www.geo.arizona.edu
Climax Community
Primary Succession
Pioneer Plants
Carbon cycle-Photosynthesis and respiration
cycle carbon and oxygen through
the environment.
Nitrogen cycleAtmospheric nitrogen (N2) makes up nearly
78%-80% of air.
Organisms can not use it in that form.
Lightning and bacteria convert nitrogen into
useable forms.
Nitrogen-fixing
bacteria:
Some live in a
symbiotic
relationship with
plants of the legume
family
Make nitrogen
usable by plants!
Denitrifying Bacteria
The organisms that help to return
nitrogen to the atmosphere thus
removing nitrogen from soil….