Transcript Colon - Portal UniMAP

Colon
Colon
 1.5-1.8 meter long
 Parts
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Appendix
Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anal Canal
Function of Large Intestine
 Absorption of water,salt
 Microorganism synthesize vit K
 Stores faeces
Function of Large Intestine
 Mass movement -20 or more times to propel
faeces towards anus
 Defaecation reflex
 Involves local and parasympathetic reflex
 Local reflex - weak contraction
 Parasympathetic reflex – strong contraction
Effects of aging on the digestive
system
 Wall becomes
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thin
Blood supply
decreases
Smooth cell
decrease
Secretion
decrease
Dental enamel
thins
Gingiva
exposed
 Healing
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decrease
following injury
Liver
detoxification
decrease
Phagocytosis
decrease
Storage
decrease
Change in
eating habits
 Increase infection
 Ulceration
 Susceptible to
cancer
 Loss of teeth
 Unable to chew and
sensitive teeth
Disorders of the digestive tract
 Stomach
 Infection of the digestive
Vomiting
 Ulcer
 Liver
 Cirrhosis
 Hepatitis A B C
 Gallstone and jaundice
 Pancreas
 Diabetes mellitus
 Cystic fibrosis
 Intestine
 IBD
 IBS
 Malabsorption
tract
 Staphylococcal
 Salmonellosis
 Thyphoid
 Cholera
 Giardiasis
 Pinworm
 Tapeworm
 Hookworm
 Roundworm
 Diarrhoea
 Dysentry
 Constipation
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Vomiting
 Reflex
 Starts with irritation in the
stomach
 Visceral nerves to the
vomiting center in the medulla
 From the center thru the
vagus nerve
 Deep breath taken – hyoid
and larynx is closed by the
soft palate – abdominal and
diaphragm contracts –
stomach contents expelled
while the lower oesophagela
sphincter is relaxed
Ulcer
Causes
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H.Pylori,stress,diet,smoking,alcohol,excess acid
secretion, pain killers
Recurrence is common especially those from
bacterial infection and poor dietary restriction
Peptic Ulcer
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Duodenal Ulcer
Gastric Ulcer
- acid base difference
Liver
Liver
Cirrhosis
Hepatitis A – Faeco-oral transmission
Hepatitis B – transmitted thru blood or bodily
fluids
Hepatitis C – transmitted thru injection-drug
addicts
B AND C leads to cirrhosis and cancer
Pancreas
 Diabetes mellitus
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lack of insulin
no effect to insulin
 Cystic Fibrosis
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Hereditary disorder
Defective chloride channel
Ducts blocked with viscid fluid
Decrease absorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins
Night blindness, skin disorders,rickets and bleeding disorder
Intestine
 IBD
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Infective,autoimmune or hereditary in origin
Crohn or ulcerative collitis
Causes inflammation of the intestine
Treatment - anti inflammation, surgery
 IBS
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Unknown cause
Constipation and diarrhoea
Psychosomatic disorder
Treatment – counseling and stress management, change diet,
drugs to modulate motility
Infection of the intestinal tract
 Malabsorption syndrome
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Abnormal absorption
Types
 Gluten - protein in grains
 Tropical – caused by bacteria
Infection of the intestinal tract
 Bacteria
 Staphylococcal
 Salmonella
 Vibrio cholera
 Protozoan
 Giadia lamblia
 Helminths
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Pinworm
Hookworm
Roundworm
Tapeworm