Transcript Introductory Presentation

BIOLOGY 11
Introduction
TODAY
Course Outline
 GSN Review
 Textbooks
 Lab Safety
 Biology: The Study of Life

STUDY OF LIFE
THE REALM OF BIOLOGY

Biology as A Science
Science: the process of learning about and
observing the natural world
 Biology


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Bio = Life
-logy = study of
Technology – using the knowledge we have
gained during scientific study and applying it
Types of Biology
Astrobiology, Chronobiology, Cryobiology, Mycology,
Herpetology...
 Too Many to List
 We will focus on taxonomy, evolution, microbiology,
botany and zoology

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Hypothesis


An educated guess or prediction to a
problem or question
Experiment
Testing a hypothesis
 Must be repeatable (in other words if someone else
performed the same experiment – they would get the
same results?)
 It must be clear what is causing the results (eliminate
other factors that may produce similar results)
 Control

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Conclusion

Go back to the hypothesis – was it proven, disproven or
did the experiment fail to address the hypothesis?
ASSIGNMENT

INTRODUCTION

You are to determine whether drug X affects the
activity of white rats. You have at your disposal, all
of the resources you need. Money is no object,
you can have all you require. You must, however,
by the design of your experiment, convince me
beyond the shadow of a doubt, that your results
are conclusive.
ASSIGNMENT

CONSIDERATIONS
Be sure to start with a specific hypothesis. Make
sure you identify what you mean by “activity”.
 Define your control group. This should be exactly
the same as your experimental group except for
the one variable you will be investigating.
 Describe exactly what you will be measuring, and
how you intend on measuring it. Your
measurements must be able to be recorded in
numerical form. You do not need to include any
actual data in your report, however.
 How will you interpret your results?

ASSIGNMENT

TO THINK ABOUT
How will you administer the drug? What about the
control group?
 How many, and what kinds of rats will give you
conclusive results?
 I am VERY skeptical, I am looking for anything that
you have not considered which might affect the
outcome of your experiment. Remember, it is MY
money being spent here. I don’t want ANY
possibility of a goof-up.


Due Date: ________________
LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
Atom
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Individual
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere
THEMES IN BIOLOGY
MAIN THEMES IN BIOLOGY
Unity and Diversity
 Continuity
 Changes Through Time
 Homeostasis
 Adaptation
 Interactions

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Homework: Describe, using examples, each of
the above themes. Full marks will be awarded
to answers that include BOTH descriptions AND
examples.
ACTIVITIES OF LIVING THINGS
- all cells are made of nucleic acids, proteins,
carbohydrates, and lipids
- a living thing is made up of one or more cells
METABOLISM
All living things need energy
 Metabolism is the ability to:

Obtain and convert energy from its surroundings
 Use energy to maintain oneself

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Total of the chemical reactions of living things
such as:
Cellular Respiration
 Photosynthesis

GROWTH
An increase in the amount of living material in
an organism
 Requires energy
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBrWDMA
tkZw
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REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE
Organisms are usually able to repair damage
to tissue and organs
 Some organisms can replace entire parts
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REPRODUCTION
Asexual
1 parent
 offspring is identical
to parent
 common in monera,
protista, fungi

Sexual
2 parents
 offspring is different
from parents
 common in plants
and animals
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RESPONSE TO STIMULI
Anything that affects an organism is
considered a stimulus
 Response – reaction to stimulus (allows
homeostasis to be maintained)
 Only living things can make compensatory,
controlled responses to changes in their
environment
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MOVEMENT
All living things are capable of some kind of
movement
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXb6YKER
Kn4
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymnLpQN
yI6g
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqfCm58S
B6Y&feature=related
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TAXONOMY
Ordering and grouping of organisms using a system
WHY DO BIOLOGISTS CLASSIFY ORGANISMS?
It gives us a way to look at the living world in
an organized fashion
 Provides a sensible way to name organisms
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The most basic way we group organisms is by
species

species is a group of related organisms that can
breed to produce fertile offspring in the natural
world
Tiger = Species
Lion = Species
PATRICK
Patrick
the
liger is
sadly
not
part of
a
species
.
NAMING LIVING THINGS
WHAT’S IN A NAME?

2 part naming system
Genus
 Species

Genus species
 Homo sapien
 Felis
domesticus
KINGDOMS
THE KINGDOM APPROACH


A kingdom simply refers to a large group of
organisms that have similar characteristics
Types and numbers of kingdoms have
changed with the discovery of different
species and their characteristics
KINGDOMS

Initially there were only two kingdoms: Plants
and Animals
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Scientists recognized that plants could create their
own food while animals could not
After the microscope was invented...

2 kingdoms were challenged because there were
microscopic organisms that had features like both
plants and animals
KINGDOMS
As more has been discovered, different
arrangements of the kingdoms have been
proposed from 3-8
 The approach we will be using will include 6
kingdoms
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Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protistans
Fungi
Plants
Animals
HOMEWORK

On loose leaf paper answer the following
questions in full sentences:
Pg 10 #1-5
 Pg 12 #1-2

Or
 Pg 6 #1-5
 Pg 7 #1-2
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