Transcript abiotic factors

RELATIONS
BETWEEN PLANTS
AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Výukový materiál EK 01 - 01
Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková
Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller
Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů
Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005
Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR
2014
RELATIONS BETWEEN PLANTS AND THEENVIRONMENT
ecology:
 deals with mutual relations between
organisms and the environment
 ecologic factors:
 a) abiotic factors
 b) biologic factors
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ABIOTIC FACTORS
it includes influences of abiotic
environment
 climatic:
 light, heat, precipitation, atmosphere
 topographic:
 geographic location, altitude, relief
 edaphic:
 soil features
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ABIOTIC FACTORS
stress factors = stressors:
 unfavourable influences of the external
environment
 they endanger plants
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tolerance of plants:
 different ability to endure influences of the
external environment
 ecological amplitude of the species:
 the scale of tolerance to a particular factor
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ABIOTIC FACTORS
ecological amplitude of the species:
 euryec – species with broad ecological
amplitude
 stenoec – species with narrow ecological
amplitude
 e.g. goosegrass species has broad
ecological amplitude
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ENERGETIC FACTORS
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light and heat
only a small part of radiation is used by plants for
the photosynthesis jen malé množství záření 1 – 2
%!!!
e.g.. photosynthetical active radiation (PHAR) >
wave-length 400 – 700 nm
according to the adaptation of leaves to the light
conditions:
a) heliophila (sun-loving plants) – Mexican needle
grass (Stina tenuissima), English sundew (Drosera
anglica)
b) shadow-loving plants –wood sorrel, ferns
ENERGETIC FACTORS
temperature – an important factor
 plants in the mild zone can stand the
temperature between – 5o C and + 50o C
> eurytherm plants
 stenotherm plants:
 they live in extreme conditions
 algae in hot springs
 algae in snow or ice fields
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ATMOSPHERIC FACTORS
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oxygen:
21 %
reduced content of oxygen > limiting factor for
the growth of roots
carbon dioxide:
0,036 %
the only direct source of oxygen for the
production of biomass
input into the atmosphere > soil breathing,
breathing of living plants, fungi and animals
ATMOSPHERIC FACTORS
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pollution of the atmosphere
the conclusion of the human economic activity
emission
imission
water:
it has a very fast circulation in ecosystems
hydrophyta – water lily
hygrophyta – yellow flag (yellow iris)
mezzophyta – bluegrass
xerophyta – succulents
SOIL FACTORS
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more stable environment than atmosphere
rhizosphere:
soil space attached to plant roots
influenced by root excretion
it influences the soil quality
it depends on:
supply and a accessibility of nutrients
pH
the amount of nitrogen
water supplementation
aerating
SOIL FACTORS
oligotrophic– pine tree
 mezzotrophic – grass
 eutrophic – snowdrop, Turk´s cap lily
 soil acidity –pH values
 acidophyta – blueberry
 neutrophyta – the most of our plants
 alcalophyta – wall rue (asplenium ruta)
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RELATIONS IN THE EXOSYSTEM
WORKSHEET
WORKSHEET
COMPLETE
THIS
SOURCES
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KINCL, Lubomír, Miloslav KINCL a Jana JAKRLOVÁ. Biologie rostlin: pro 1.
ročník gymnázií. 4., přeprac. vyd. Praha: Fortuna, 2006, 302 s. ISBN 80-7168947-5.