Transcript Common Animals

Mangrove
Forests
101
Manisha, Haley, Cailin, Tamara
Precipitation and Temperature
Ranges
• Hurricanes, Tsunamis, Heavy Rain, and occasional
drought
• 1000 to 1500 mm of precipitation per year
• Annual Average Temperature: 22 Degrees Celsius (72
Degrees Fahrenheit)
Ranges from 5 Degrees
Celsius to 35 Degrees
Celsius (41 Degrees
Fahrenheit to 95 Degrees
Fahrenheit)
Invasive Species
•hard to invade due to high salinity,
flooding, anaerobic soil conditions
•few invasive species
•Possible mix at ecotones.
Important Abiotic Factors
• Salinity: Average Level -- 34.5%
• Water Levels: 1.5 to 8 feet deep
• Humidity: Relative Average of 79%-80%
Plant Adaptations
• Roots adapted for stability
• Salinity adaptation by salt exclusion or salt excretion.
• Aerial roots used to collect atmospheric gases due to
anaerobic soils.
• viviparity and propagule dispersal for reproductive adaptation
Global Locations
• Between 25 Degrees North Latitude and 25
Degrees South Latitude
• 75% of Costal Vegetation in tropical and subtropical areas around the world
• Most are in the Pacific Ocean
Common Animals
anole
Tree crabs
Black iguana
Island leaf
toed gecco
Mudflat fiddler
crab
grackle
White crown
pigeon
Tree frog
Yellow warble
Wood storks
Animals Continued…
manatee
Salt water crocodile
Mangrove monitor
Flying fox
Sea snakes
Mud skippers
walabee
Insects
• Make up largest number of species
• Feed on detrius, decaying vegetation on forest floor and the
sea shore
• Ants make up majority of population
Garden spider
Stringing caterpillars
Leaf mines
Common Plants
White orchids
Mangroves
Dancing bulbs
Reeds
Saltbush
Hibiscus
Ferns
Threats
• 35% mangrove forests are gone
• Clearing: make room for agricultural land, human
settlement, and industrial areas
• Overharvesting: wood used for firewood and
charcol prduction
• River chagnes: dams and irrigation prevent water
reaching the forests
• Overfishing
• Pollution
• Climate changes
Adaptations
• Roots
– Withstands currents and storm
– Take in oxygen
• Leaves
– Toxic
• Seeds
– Germinate before leaving plant
• Filter out salt from roots
Ecological Services
-sustaining biodiversity
-removal of carbon
-maintaining the makeup of gases in the
atmosphere
-regulating supply of water
-controlling floods
-preserving soil conditions
-recycling nutrients
-filtering pollutants
-removing waste
Food Web
-plants and mangrove trees- main producers
-Fishes and crabs- primary consumers
-birds- secondary consumers.
Symbiotic Relationships
• Special interaction
between organisms
• Can be helpful or
harmful
• Crabs feed on mangrove
leaves and other
nutrients and then
recycle them back into
the mangrove forest
Keystone species
• Crabs
– crucial in the process of
leaf litter
– soil becomes aerated when
they burrow
• Periwinkles
– Found on roots, stems, and
the shells of animals
• Snails
– Important in the turn over
of organic material
Unique Creatures
Mangrove Tree
Crab
Spectacled Caiman
Flying Fox
Swamp Wallaby
Jabiru
Endemic Species
• A species that has a
habitat that is limited to
a particular area
• Mangrove Monitor
• Reddish Egret
• Pygmy Three-Toed Sloth
• These species are often
endangered species
Thank you.