Transcript Unit IV
Unit IV: Nutrition What do humans need from the environment? The foods we eat and how we process it. A. Nutrition 1. The life activity involved in obtaining _____________. a. __________ = taking in of nutrients b. __________ = breaking down of nutrients c. __________ = elimination of unused foods 2. Nutrients - environmental _________ necessary for life - used for ________ - used to create _____ and body parts a. Macronutrients Macronutrients are nutrients that the body needs in _________ quantities 1. ________________ - Examples: ________________ candy, cookies, pasta, bread, potatoes, oats - Source of __________ for the body - Specific Carbs: Glucose, Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose, Glycogen, Cellulose 2. _______________ Examples: Meat, fish, eggs, beans Building blocks for components of the __________________ Muscle, hair, nails, skin, enzymes Proteins are made of ______________ Essential Amino Acids: Isoleucine, Leucine, lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan and Valine. 3. Lipids Examples: _______, Oils, and Waxes Used for: Insulation Protection Cell membranes, _____________ Two Types of Fats: 1. Saturated Fats filled with hydrogen atoms, solid at room temperature generally they are ________________ 2. Unsaturated Monounsaturated Polyunstaturated _______________ b. Micronutrients •Vitamins ◦A – _____________________________________ ◦B – ______________________________ ◦C – ________________________ ◦D – _______________ ◦E – ___________________________________ ◦K – ____________ •Minerals ◦Calcium – ___________________ ◦Folic Acid – ________________ ◦Iron – _________________ ◦Magnesium – ________________ ◦Phosphorus – _____________ ◦Potassium – ____________________________ ◦Zinc – ________________ 3. Heterotrophic Nutrition a. Organisms need to obtain preformed organic molecule ______________________ eat the products from another organism b. Types of Heterotrophs Herbivore – ___________ Carnivore – ___________ Omnivore – ____________________ Detritivore – ____________________ B. Human Nutrition 1. Nutritional Requirements Depends upon: _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ Eat a variety of foods Calories = amount of energy in food Pay attention to what you eat Nutritional Needs Nutrient Manganese 2 mg Calories 2000 Chromium 120 micrograms Carbohydrates 300 g Molybdenum 75 micrograms Fiber 25 g Chloride 3400 mg Proteins 50 g Vitamin A 5000 IU Fats (no more than 30%) 65 g Vitamin B 6 2 mg Vitamin B 12 6 micrograms Saturated Fat 20 g Vitamin C 60 mg Cholesterol 300 mg Vitamin D 400 IU Sodium 2400 mg Vitamin E 30 IU Potassium 3500 mg Vitamin K 80 micrograms Calcium 1000 mg Thiamin 1.5 mg Iron 18 mg Riboflavin 1.7 mg Iodine 150 micrograms Niacin 20 mg Phosphorus 1000 mg Folic Acid 400 micrograms Magnesium 400 mg Biotin 300 micrograms Zinc 15 mg Pantothenic Acid 10 mg Selenium 70 micrograms Copper 2 mg 2. Human Digestive System a. also known as: alimentary canal, Gastrointestinal tract (GI) b. ________________________ the inside of your digestive system is exposed to the outside environment c.________________ – happens outside of cells d. 3 Processes Ingestion Digestion Egestion d. Organs of the Human Digestive System 1. ____________ __________ ____________________ Make into smaller pieces – this increases the surface area of the food _______ – salivary glands, moistens food so it can slide down ___________________ Change the molecules that make up the food Done by enzymes Amylase = enzyme Starch Glucose 2. Pharynx back of the ________, where the “wind pipe” and “food pipe” come together ___________ – small flap of muscle that directs food down the esophagus 3. _____________ muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach ____________ – muscular contractions that push food down the digestive system Peristalsis Video 4. ____________ Strong muscular storage sac ___________________ – Stomach muscles crush and churn food ___________________ _____________ = Pepsin (enzyme) + Hydrochloric Acid Digests proteins into amino acids 5. ____________ Makes digestive _________ for small intestine 6. _________ Makes ________ (waste) emulsifies fats Gall Bladder – “bag” under the liver that holds bile Food does not enter the pancreas nor the liver Liver and pancreas are called _____________________ 7. __________________ Long convoluted tube ________________________________ Enzymes from pancreas - Amylase, Protease, Lipase Mechanically digests Lipids - uses bile from liver to emulsify fats ____________ of nutrients villi and microvilli – small projections of the small intestine wall ______________________ – absorbs more materials 8. _________________ also known as the Colon Shorter than the small intestine Many beneficial ___________ live in the large intestine Reabsorbs __________ , some vitamins and minerals Undigested food = feces - Egested through anus defecation 3. Diseases / Disorders of the Human Digestive System Scurvy – Johnny Stomach Cancer - Johanna Ulcers - Alan Acid reflux - Elard Appendicitis Diarrhea & Constipation - Kesha Pellagra Anorexia Nervosa & Bulimia - Jocelyn Kwashiorkor Dysentery Crohn Disease Colitis Irritable Bowel Syndrome Diverticulitis - Megan E. coli – Food poisoning - Ashley