Transcript Slide 1
Biodiversity: Importance and Measurement by John Hammond Biodiversity • Biodiversity is simply the variety of life on Earth • Can be used to measure the health of a system. Why is it a good measurement? • Can be a reference to the variety in a biome, an ecosystem, or the planet Earth Biodiversity, cont. • 3 types of Biodiversity: Species, Genetic, and Ecosystem Diversity • Species Diversity – number of species in an area and their abundance • Ecosystem Diversity – Variation in the types of places that organisms live • Genetic diversity – number of genetic characteristics in a species – Might be one of the most important measures of biodiversity. Why is this? Activity 1 • All species have an important role to play • A greater diversity of species means all life forms can survive longer • Healthier, more diverse ecosystems can better react to disasters • How is this activity similar to an ecosystem? • How would this change if there were more or less people/organisms? Benefits of Biodiversity • A diverse ecosystem provides many benefits: recovery, recycling of nutrients, others? • Biological resources: food, medicine, others? • Social benefits? Activity 2 • • • • • An ecosystem that is not diverse represents a monoculture Why didn’t the disease spread as fast in the second simulation? Which is more diverse? Monocultures require more pesticides and herbicides. Why? For which forest? What would happen if you replaced all of the trees in a diverse forest with the same species? What would happen to the wildlife that were well suited to their previous home? How could you help wildlife in the landscape around your own home? Measuring Diversity • Types of measurement: – Species Richness – Evenness – Taxonomic (hint, it has to do with organisms’ relation to each other) • Based on the idea that (1) all species are equal, (2) all individuals within the species are equal, (3) diversity measurements are comparable (consistent) • Why would we want to measure diversity in a single ecosystem? Activity 3 • We will consider species richness and relative abundance for three sites Douglas-fir Alder Broadleaf Maple Madrone Sources • • • • • • • • Activity 1 adapted from <http://sftrc.cas.psu.edu/LessonPlans/Wildlife/WholeCloth.html> by Stephanie L. Rau Activity 2 adapted from <http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/ATG/data/released/0534KathyParis/index.php> by Kathy Paris Activity 3 adapted from Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, “Reflections on Earth: Biodiversity and Remote Sensing” <http://www.nasm.si.edu/education/teaching_resources.cfm> <http://www.globalissues.org/article/170/why-is-biodiversity-important-who-cares> <http://oregonstate.edu/trees/name_common.html> <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity> http://www.coastalwiki.org/coastalwiki/Measurements_of_biodiversity Picture Credits – – – – – – – http://marinebio.org/Oceans/Conservation/biodiversity.asp http://coe.mse.ac.in/Biodiversity.asp http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Fall07/McAleenan/history.html http://www.geography4kids.com/extras/dtop_aquatic/oregon.html http://naturallyinteresting.com/ http://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/01/us-senate-goes-with-the-flow-wild-scenic-rivers-act_passes.php http://traveloregon.mediaroom.com/index.php%3Fs%3D13%26cat%3D8